{ "status": "success", "total": 802, "questions": [ { "id": "q_1", "question": "What was the main purpose of British rule in India regarding the economy?", "optionA": "Development of Indian industry", "optionB": "Source of cheap raw materials and market for British goods", "optionC": "Achieving self-sufficiency", "optionD": "Promoting social welfare", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The British used India as a supplier of raw materials for their own industries." }, { "id": "q_2", "question": "On the eve of independence, what percentage of the labour force was engaged in agriculture?", "optionA": "50 percent", "optionB": "72 per cent", "optionC": "11 per cent", "optionD": "25 per cent", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Agriculture was the most dominant sector, employing nearly three-fourths of the workforce." }, { "id": "q_3", "question": "What was the contribution of agriculture to the national income at independence?", "optionA": "Less than 10 percent", "optionB": "Exactly 25 percent", "optionC": "More than 50 per cent", "optionD": "100 percent", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Agriculture contributed over half of the total national income." }, { "id": "q_4", "question": "Food crops accounted for what percentage of the total cultivated area at independence?", "optionA": "20 per cent", "optionB": "50 per cent", "optionC": "80 per cent", "optionD": "95 per cent", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Most of the land was used for food grains to feed the large population." }, { "id": "q_5", "question": "What was the percentage of the workforce employed in the industrial sector at independence?", "optionA": "72 per cent", "optionB": "11 per cent", "optionC": "50 per cent", "optionD": "5 per cent", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Industrial development was very insufficient and lop-sided." }, { "id": "q_6", "question": "The per capita income of India in 1950-51 was estimated at?", "optionA": "Rs. 100", "optionB": "Rs. 238", "optionC": "Rs. 500", "optionD": "Rs. 1000", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This indicates the underdeveloped state of the economy at that time." }, { "id": "q_7", "question": "What was the average literacy rate in India at the time of independence?", "optionA": "50 per cent", "optionB": "17 per cent", "optionC": "5 per cent", "optionD": "74 per cent", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Literacy was extremely low, especially among women and in rural areas." }, { "id": "q_8", "question": "The birth rate during 1931-41 was recorded as?", "optionA": "20.2", "optionB": "31", "optionC": "45.2", "optionD": "10.5", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "High birth and death rates were characteristic of the colonial period." }, { "id": "q_9", "question": "On the eve of independence, India was predominantly a country of?", "optionA": "Cities", "optionB": "Factories", "optionC": "Villages", "optionD": "Mines", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "About 85.8 per cent of the population lived in rural areas." }, { "id": "q_10", "question": "The Indian economy at the time of independence is described as?", "optionA": "Fully developed", "optionB": "Semi-feudal", "optionC": "Purely capitalist", "optionD": "Socialist", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It had elements of both feudalism in agriculture and growing capitalism in industry." }, { "id": "q_11", "question": "India's Per Capita Income in 2014-15 was estimated at how many US dollars?", "optionA": "$ 500", "optionB": "$ 1581.5", "optionC": "$ 54629", "optionD": "$ 10000", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Though rising, it remains much lower than developed nations." }, { "id": "q_12", "question": "According to the HDI Report (2014), India's rank was?", "optionA": "1", "optionB": "50", "optionC": "135", "optionD": "187", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "India was ranked 135 among 187 countries in Human Development." }, { "id": "q_13", "question": "Which state in India has the highest literacy rate according to the text?", "optionA": "Bihar", "optionB": "Odisha", "optionC": "Kerala", "optionD": "Punjab", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Kerala continues to lead the country in literacy." }, { "id": "q_14", "question": "In 2011, the infant mortality rate (IMR) in India was?", "optionA": "129", "optionB": "110", "optionC": "52", "optionD": "6", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "IMR has declined but remains high compared to developed countries." }, { "id": "q_15", "question": "The \"Year of Great Divide\" in India's demographic history is?", "optionA": "1901", "optionB": "1921", "optionC": "1951", "optionD": "2011", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "After 1921, the rate of population growth started increasing consistently." }, { "id": "q_16", "question": "India occupies what percentage of the world's land area?", "optionA": "17.31 per cent", "optionB": "10 per cent", "optionC": "2.4 per cent", "optionD": "50 per cent", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "India has a small share of land but a very large share of population." }, { "id": "q_17", "question": "What was the percentage of the population living below the poverty line in 2011-12?", "optionA": "50 per cent", "optionB": "29.8 per cent", "optionC": "21.9 per cent", "optionD": "10 per cent", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Based on Planning Commission estimates using Tendulkar methodology." }, { "id": "q_18", "question": "The term 'Paucity of Capital' refers to?", "optionA": "Excess money in banks", "optionB": "Inadequate stock of physical and human capital", "optionC": "No natural resources", "optionD": "High literacy", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Lack of machines, tools, and skilled labor hinders growth." }, { "id": "q_19", "question": "What is a major cause of low productivity in Indian agriculture?", "optionA": "Modern technology", "optionB": "Use of tractors", "optionC": "Backward technology", "optionD": "High investment", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Traditional and primitive methods are still used in many sectors." }, { "id": "q_20", "question": "The 'Demographic Dividend' in India refers to?", "optionA": "An aging population", "optionB": "A large proportion of young working population", "optionC": "High death rate", "optionD": "Low birth rate", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Over 65 per cent of Indians are below the age of 35." }, { "id": "q_21", "question": "What is 'Structural Change' in an economy?", "optionA": "Change in the ruling party", "optionB": "Change in the contribution of different sectors to GDP", "optionC": "Building new bridges", "optionD": "Changing the currency", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It reflects the process of development and modernization." }, { "id": "q_22", "question": "Which sector's share in GDP has declined from 57.7% in 1950-51 to 17.4% in 2014-15?", "optionA": "Primary Sector", "optionB": "Secondary Sector", "optionC": "Tertiary Sector", "optionD": "External Sector", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "The dominance of agriculture decreases as the economy matures." }, { "id": "q_23", "question": "The share of the Tertiary (Service) sector in GDP in 2014-15 was?", "optionA": "17.4 per cent", "optionB": "29.7 per cent", "optionC": "52.9 per cent", "optionD": "10 per cent", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "The service sector is now the largest contributor to the Indian GDP." }, { "id": "q_24", "question": "Which organization is responsible for estimating National Income in India?", "optionA": "RBI", "optionB": "Niti Aayog", "optionC": "Central Statistical Organisation (CSO)", "optionD": "Ministry of Finance", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "CSO divides the economy into various sectors for computation." }, { "id": "q_25", "question": "Secondary sector includes which of the following?", "optionA": "Forestry", "optionB": "Mining, manufacturing, and electricity", "optionC": "Banking", "optionD": "Education", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It primarily involves the transformation of physical goods." }, { "id": "q_26", "question": "The growth rate of the Indian economy from 1951 to 1980 was approximately?", "optionA": "10%", "optionB": "3.7 per cent", "optionC": "8.6%", "optionD": "1%", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Growth was relatively slow during the first three decades of planning." }, { "id": "q_27", "question": "Post-reform (after 1991), the growth rate of which sector accelerated most?", "optionA": "Agriculture", "optionB": "Primary", "optionC": "Service Sector", "optionD": "Mining", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Services like IT and banking saw a sharp rise." }, { "id": "q_28", "question": "A high 'Capital-Output Ratio' usually implies?", "optionA": "Efficient use of capital", "optionB": "Inefficient use of capital", "optionC": "No need for investment", "optionD": "High profit", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It means more capital is required to produce one unit of output." }, { "id": "q_29", "question": "Which era marked the beginning of significant structural transformation in India?", "optionA": "Pre-British", "optionB": "Planning era (since 1951)", "optionC": "1857", "optionD": "1901", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Planned development led to systematic changes in the economy." }, { "id": "q_30", "question": "Diversification in industrialization means?", "optionA": "Closing old factories", "optionB": "Growth of new industries like chemical and engineering", "optionC": "Only making textiles", "optionD": "None of the above", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Moving away from traditional manufactures to modern ones." }, { "id": "q_31", "question": "Occupational structure refers to?", "optionA": "Building houses", "optionB": "Distribution of workforce among different occupations", "optionC": "Total population count", "optionD": "Number of schools", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It shows where the people of a country are working." }, { "id": "q_32", "question": "In 2013-14, what percentage of the workforce was still dependent on agriculture?", "optionA": "11%", "optionB": "20%", "optionC": "49 per cent", "optionD": "72%", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Despite structural changes, half the workforce remains in the primary sector." }, { "id": "q_33", "question": "A 'Lop-sided' occupational structure indicates?", "optionA": "Balanced growth", "optionB": "Heavy dependence on one sector (agriculture)", "optionC": "No unemployment", "optionD": "Industrial dominance", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It reflects economic backwardness." }, { "id": "q_34", "question": "The shift of labor force from agriculture to industry in India has been?", "optionA": "Very rapid", "optionB": "Slow", "optionC": "Non-existent", "optionD": "Faster than in USA", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Structural change in employment is slower than change in GDP contribution." }, { "id": "q_35", "question": "Why did the secondary sector not absorb enough labor after 1991?", "optionA": "High wages", "optionB": "Slow growth of industrial production", "optionC": "Lack of raw materials", "optionD": "Too many workers", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Industrial growth hasn't been sufficient to shift the population away from land." }, { "id": "q_36", "question": "According to the 2011 census, India's population was?", "optionA": "36.11 cr", "optionB": "102.7 cr", "optionC": "121.02 crore", "optionD": "150 cr", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "India is the second most populous country after China." }, { "id": "q_37", "question": "What is the 'Density of Population'?", "optionA": "Total weight of people", "optionB": "Number of persons living per square km", "optionC": "Number of children", "optionD": "Growth rate", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It indicates the man-land ratio in a country." }, { "id": "q_38", "question": "The density of population in India in 2011 was?", "optionA": "117", "optionB": "274", "optionC": "382", "optionD": "500", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "It increased significantly from 117 in 1951." }, { "id": "q_39", "question": "'Population Explosion' in India is noted after which year?", "optionA": "1901", "optionB": "1921", "optionC": "1951", "optionD": "2001", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "The spurt in growth became massive after the 1950s." }, { "id": "q_40", "question": "Which phase of population growth (1901-1921) was 'very slow and erratic'?", "optionA": "Phase I", "optionB": "Phase II", "optionC": "Phase III", "optionD": "Phase IV", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "High birth rates were matched by high death rates due to famines." }, { "id": "q_41", "question": "The sex ratio is defined as?", "optionA": "Number of males per female", "optionB": "Number of females per 1000 males", "optionC": "Total population", "optionD": "Number of children", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is an important social indicator of gender balance." }, { "id": "q_42", "question": "Which state has the highest sex ratio (1084) according to the 2011 census?", "optionA": "Odisha", "optionB": "Bihar", "optionC": "Kerala", "optionD": "Haryana", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Kerala has more females than males." }, { "id": "q_43", "question": "Life expectancy in India increased from 33 years in 1951 to ___ in 2011?", "optionA": "50 years", "optionB": "68.4 years", "optionC": "75 years", "optionD": "60 years", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Improvement in medical facilities led to this rise." }, { "id": "q_44", "question": "The main cause of population explosion is?", "optionA": "High death rate", "optionB": "Sharp decline in death rate with high birth rate", "optionC": "Low birth rate", "optionD": "Migration to cities", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "As health improved, fewer people died, but birth rates remained high." }, { "id": "q_45", "question": "What is the 'Dependency Ratio' related to?", "optionA": "Age composition", "optionB": "Foreign trade", "optionC": "Industrial policy", "optionD": "Literacy", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "It relates the non-working age groups (children\/elderly) to the working group." }, { "id": "q_46", "question": "The 2011 census showed that ___ per cent of India's population live in rural areas?", "optionA": "17.3%", "optionB": "27.8%", "optionC": "72.2 per cent", "optionD": "50%", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "India remains a predominantly rural country." }, { "id": "q_47", "question": "Which region has the lowest sex ratio (883)?", "optionA": "Odisha", "optionB": "Kerala", "optionC": "Jammu and Kashmir", "optionD": "Bihar", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "As per the data in Table 1.11." }, { "id": "q_48", "question": "What was the decadal growth rate of population between 2001 and 2011?", "optionA": "21.3%", "optionB": "1.58 per cent", "optionC": "10%", "optionD": "5%", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Calculated as an annual average." }, { "id": "q_49", "question": "A major impediment to economic development mentioned in the text is?", "optionA": "Lack of gold", "optionB": "Rapidly growing population", "optionC": "Too much rain", "optionD": "Low taxes", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Rapid growth eats away the gains of national income." }, { "id": "q_50", "question": "What is 'Work Participation Rate'?", "optionA": "Number of schools", "optionB": "Proportion of working population to total population", "optionC": "Percentage of people voting", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It was about 40 per cent in 2011." }, { "id": "q_51", "question": "How does high population growth affect per-capita availability of land?", "optionA": "Increases it", "optionB": "It remains constant", "optionC": "It causes it to decline", "optionD": "None of the above", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Due to rapid growth, per capita cultivable land declined from 0.9 hectare in 1951 to 0.38 hectare in 2014-15." }, { "id": "q_52", "question": "What is the effect of population pressure on savings and capital formation?", "optionA": "Leads to high savings", "optionB": "Leads to low saving and low capital formation", "optionC": "No effect", "optionD": "Increases investment", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "A large part of national income is spent on consumption for more people, leaving less for saving." }, { "id": "q_53", "question": "How does rapid population growth impact the demand for food grains?", "optionA": "Decreases demand", "optionB": "Demand remains low", "optionC": "Significantly increases demand", "optionD": "No impact", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "More mouths to feed leads to higher demand, often resulting in food shortages." }, { "id": "q_54", "question": "What is the consequence of overcrowding in the agricultural sector?", "optionA": "High productivity", "optionB": "Disguised unemployment", "optionC": "Labour shortage", "optionD": "Industrial boom", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Too many people working on the same piece of land leads to zero marginal productivity for many." }, { "id": "q_55", "question": "Rapid population growth exerts 'Heavy Pressure' on which of the following?", "optionA": "Infrastructure (Schools, Hospitals)", "optionB": "Space travel", "optionC": "Export of gold", "optionD": "None of the above", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "More people require more houses, roads, schools, and hospitals, which the government struggles to provide." }, { "id": "q_56", "question": "What is the environmental impact of over-population mentioned in the text?", "optionA": "Forest conservation", "optionB": "Environmental degradation and pollution", "optionC": "Decrease in global warming", "optionD": "Clean rivers", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "High growth leads to depletion of natural resources and increased pollution of air and water." }, { "id": "q_57", "question": "'Autonomous Measures' to lower birth rate include?", "optionA": "Government laws", "optionB": "Rise in Per-capita income and Urbanisation", "optionC": "Forced sterilization", "optionD": "Mandatory fines", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "These are socio-economic changes that naturally lead people to desire fewer children." }, { "id": "q_58", "question": "What does the 'Social Capillarity Thesis' by Dumont explain?", "optionA": "How water moves in soil", "optionB": "Inverse relationship between per-capita income and birth rate", "optionC": "How industries grow", "optionD": "The history of census", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "As income and status rise, people tend to limit family size to maintain their standard of living." }, { "id": "q_59", "question": "'Deliberate Measures' for population control refers to?", "optionA": "Natural disasters", "optionB": "Deliberate government policies and programs", "optionC": "Accidental growth", "optionD": "None of the above", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "These are active steps taken by the state to check population growth." }, { "id": "q_60", "question": "Which of the following is a deliberate measure to reduce birth rate?", "optionA": "Spread of education", "optionB": "Women employment", "optionC": "Family Planning infrastructure", "optionD": "All of the above", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "These are organized efforts to encourage smaller families." }, { "id": "q_61", "question": "India was the first country in the world to adopt an official ___ in 1952?", "optionA": "Industrial Policy", "optionB": "Population Policy", "optionC": "Education Policy", "optionD": "Space Policy", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "India launched its family planning program very early compared to other nations." }, { "id": "q_62", "question": "In 1977, the 'Family Planning Programme' was renamed as?", "optionA": "Population Mission", "optionB": "Family Welfare Programme", "optionC": "Health Guarantee Scheme", "optionD": "Jan Dhan Yojana", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The focus shifted towards the overall welfare of the family." }, { "id": "q_63", "question": "When was the 'New Population Policy' announced by the N.D.A. government?", "optionA": "1991", "optionB": "1995", "optionC": "February 2000", "optionD": "2011", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "It was a comprehensive policy aimed at achieving population stability." }, { "id": "q_64", "question": "According to the NPP 2000, by which year does India aim to achieve population stability?", "optionA": "2010", "optionB": "2026", "optionC": "2045", "optionD": "2100", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "The long-term objective is a stable population by 2045." }, { "id": "q_65", "question": "NPP 2000 aims to reduce the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) to below ___ per 1000 live births?", "optionA": "100", "optionB": "50", "optionC": "30", "optionD": "10", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Lowering IMR is a key target for improving health indicators." }, { "id": "q_66", "question": "What is the target for Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in NPP 2000?", "optionA": "Below 500", "optionB": "Below 100 per 1 lakh live births", "optionC": "Exactly 0", "optionD": "None of the above", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Improving maternal health is a major priority of the policy." }, { "id": "q_67", "question": "NPP 2000 encourages a special reward for women who marry after the age of?", "optionA": "15", "optionB": "18", "optionC": "21", "optionD": "25", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Delaying marriage helps in reducing the total fertility period." }, { "id": "q_68", "question": "What is a major criticism of the New Population Policy mentioned in the book?", "optionA": "It ignores rural areas", "optionB": "It puts the entire burden of family limitation on women", "optionC": "It is too expensive", "optionD": "It promotes large families", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Critics argue that incentives for sterilization mainly target women (tubectomy)." }, { "id": "q_69", "question": "Vasectomy accounts for only ___ per cent of contractive use in India?", "optionA": "50%", "optionB": "25%", "optionC": "6%", "optionD": "90%", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "This shows that male participation in family planning is very low." }, { "id": "q_70", "question": "On the eve of independence, the Indian economy was a 'dependent economy' because?", "optionA": "It relied on the Moon", "optionB": "It was dependent on the rest of the world for capital goods", "optionC": "It exported too many machines", "optionD": "None of the above", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "India lacked its own industrial base for machinery and equipment." }, { "id": "q_71", "question": "What was the annual average growth rate of GDP during the period 1950-1980?", "optionA": "8.6%", "optionB": "3.7 per cent", "optionC": "1%", "optionD": "15%", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This period is often noted for its slow 'Hindu rate of growth'." }, { "id": "q_72", "question": "The 'Composition of Trade' on the eve of independence showed?", "optionA": "High exports of computers", "optionB": "Exports of low priced agricultural goods", "optionC": "Imports of raw materials", "optionD": "No trade at all", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "India was an exporter of primary products and an importer of finished goods." }, { "id": "q_73", "question": "What was the primary reason for the ruin of Indian cottage and handicraft industries?", "optionA": "Competition from British manufactured goods", "optionB": "Lack of wood", "optionC": "High wages", "optionD": "None of the above", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "Cheap machine-made goods from England replaced handmade Indian products." }, { "id": "q_74", "question": "Gross Domestic Saving in 1951 was only ___ per cent of GDP?", "optionA": "30.6%", "optionB": "10.1 per cent", "optionC": "50%", "optionD": "5%", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Low savings limited the capacity for initial investment." }, { "id": "q_75", "question": "By 2014-15, the share of the Primary sector in GDP dropped to?", "optionA": "57.7%", "optionB": "40%", "optionC": "17.4 per cent", "optionD": "10%", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "This signifies the structural shift towards industry and services." }, { "id": "q_76", "question": "The share of the Tertiary sector in GDP increased from 27.5% in 1950-51 to ___ in 2014-15?", "optionA": "30%", "optionB": "40%", "optionC": "52.9 per cent", "optionD": "90%", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "The service sector has become the engine of growth." }, { "id": "q_77", "question": "On the eve of independence, the Indian economy was predominantly?", "optionA": "Industrialized", "optionB": "Developed", "optionC": "Agrarian", "optionD": "Urban", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Most people and the largest share of GDP came from agriculture." }, { "id": "q_78", "question": "At independence, the contribution of agriculture to national product was?", "optionA": "About 50 per cent", "optionB": "Less than 10 per cent", "optionC": "More than 90 per cent", "optionD": "Exactly 25 per cent", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "It provided the bulk of the nation's income." }, { "id": "q_79", "question": "The industrial sector at independence was mainly focused on?", "optionA": "Basic capital goods", "optionB": "Consumer goods", "optionC": "Power sector", "optionD": "Information technology", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Industries like textiles and sugar were prioritized over heavy machinery." }, { "id": "q_80", "question": "Industrial structure in India was dependent on which of the following at independence?", "optionA": "Import of plant and equipment", "optionB": "Import of raw materials", "optionC": "Import of spares", "optionD": "All of the above", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "Lack of domestic heavy industry forced dependence on imports." }, { "id": "q_81", "question": "Per capita income in India per month at the time of independence was?", "optionA": "Less than Rs. 20", "optionB": "Approximately Rs. 50", "optionC": "Rs. 100", "optionD": "More than Rs. 500", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "It was extremely low, reflecting mass poverty." }, { "id": "q_82", "question": "Which country accounted for the largest share of India's foreign trade at independence?", "optionA": "USA", "optionB": "Japan", "optionC": "England", "optionD": "Germany", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Due to colonial ties, most trade was with the UK." }, { "id": "q_83", "question": "A state of slow growth or no growth in national income is called?", "optionA": "Boom", "optionB": "Stagnation", "optionC": "Inflation", "optionD": "Development", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This was the condition of India before planned development." }, { "id": "q_84", "question": "The Central Statistical Organisation (CSO) divides the Indian economy into how many sectors for national income?", "optionA": "Three", "optionB": "Four", "optionC": "Five", "optionD": "Six", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "As mentioned on page 32 of the PDF." }, { "id": "q_85", "question": "Primary sector includes which of the following?", "optionA": "Agriculture, forestry and fishery", "optionB": "Banking", "optionC": "Manufacturing", "optionD": "Communication", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "These involve direct extraction from nature." }, { "id": "q_86", "question": "Secondary sector includes which activities?", "optionA": "Trade", "optionB": "Mining, manufacturing and construction", "optionC": "Education", "optionD": "Insurance", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "These involve processing and transformation of goods." }, { "id": "q_87", "question": "The size of India's population according to the 2011 census was?", "optionA": "102.4 cr", "optionB": "112.3 cr", "optionC": "121.02 cr", "optionD": "135 cr", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Over 121 crore people." }, { "id": "q_88", "question": "What is the annual growth rate of India's population during 2001-2011?", "optionA": "2.5%", "optionB": "1.58 per cent", "optionC": "1.9%", "optionD": "1%", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "As per Table 1.7." }, { "id": "q_89", "question": "In which State is the sex ratio the highest?", "optionA": "Odisha", "optionB": "Bihar", "optionC": "Kerala", "optionD": "Jammu and Kashmir", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Kerala has the most balanced gender ratio." }, { "id": "q_90", "question": "In which State is the sex ratio the lowest?", "optionA": "Haryana", "optionB": "Bihar", "optionC": "Jammu and Kashmir", "optionD": "West Bengal", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Based on the specific data table provided on page 47." }, { "id": "q_91", "question": "What is female literacy rate in India as per 2011 census?", "optionA": "74.04%", "optionB": "82.14%", "optionC": "65.46%", "optionD": "54.16%", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Female literacy lags behind male literacy (82.14%)." }, { "id": "q_92", "question": "Which of the following is NOT an autonomous measure for controlling population?", "optionA": "Late marriage", "optionB": "Economic development", "optionC": "Family welfare programs", "optionD": "Urbanisation", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Family welfare programs are deliberate policy actions." }, { "id": "q_93", "question": "The minimum age of marriage for girls in India (at the time of the book's printing) was?", "optionA": "15 years", "optionB": "16 years", "optionC": "18 years", "optionD": "21 years", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Legal age for marriage for females." }, { "id": "q_94", "question": "The minimum age of marriage for boys in India was?", "optionA": "18 years", "optionB": "20 years", "optionC": "21 years", "optionD": "25 years", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Legal age for marriage for males." }, { "id": "q_95", "question": "What is the name of female sterilisation?", "optionA": "Vasectomy", "optionB": "Abortion", "optionC": "Condom", "optionD": "Tubectomy", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "Vasectomy is for males." }, { "id": "q_96", "question": "India occupies what percentage of the world's population?", "optionA": "2.4%", "optionB": "17.31 per cent", "optionC": "10%", "optionD": "50%", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "India supports a huge share of humanity on a small land area." }, { "id": "q_97", "question": "The term 'Great Divide' refers to the year?", "optionA": "1951", "optionB": "1921", "optionC": "1901", "optionD": "1971", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It marked a shift to high population growth." }, { "id": "q_98", "question": "Which sector provided the largest employment opportunity at independence?", "optionA": "Industry", "optionB": "Services", "optionC": "Agriculture", "optionD": "Mining", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Over 70% of workers were in agriculture." }, { "id": "q_99", "question": "Is the birth rate in India showing a rising trend?", "optionA": "Yes", "optionB": "No", "optionC": "It is constant", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The birth rate is slowly falling, though still high." }, { "id": "q_100", "question": "Is the death rate in India showing a rising trend?", "optionA": "Yes", "optionB": "No", "optionC": "It is constant", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The death rate has fallen rapidly due to better health care." }, { "id": "q_101", "question": "What is the proportion of total land used for food grains at independence?", "optionA": "20%", "optionB": "50%", "optionC": "80%", "optionD": "100%", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Page 15 confirms food crops dominated cultivation." }, { "id": "q_102", "question": "Agriculture is often called the ___ of the Indian economy.", "optionA": "Brain", "optionB": "Backbone", "optionC": "Burden", "optionD": "Small part", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "About half of India's population depends on agriculture for their livelihood." }, { "id": "q_103", "question": "What was the contribution of agriculture to India's GDP in 2014-15?", "optionA": "57.7 per cent", "optionB": "35.7 per cent", "optionC": "17.4 per cent", "optionD": "48.9 per cent", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "The share has declined from over 50% in 1950 to 17.4% in 2014-15." }, { "id": "q_104", "question": "According to NSSO (2011-12), what percentage of the total workforce in India is engaged in agriculture?", "optionA": "72 per cent", "optionB": "48.9 per cent", "optionC": "11 per cent", "optionD": "25 per cent", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Despite a decline, it remains the largest source of employment." }, { "id": "q_105", "question": "What is the formula for 'Land Productivity'?", "optionA": "Total output \/ Total workforce", "optionB": "Total output \/ Total cultivated land area", "optionC": "Total land \/ Population", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It measures the yield per hectare or acre." }, { "id": "q_106", "question": "What was the actual yield of rice in India in 2014-15 (in quintals per hectare)?", "optionA": "66.61", "optionB": "23.9", "optionC": "10.4", "optionD": "104.8", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Compared to China (66.61), India's productivity is significantly lower." }, { "id": "q_107", "question": "Which country had the world's highest yield for wheat in 2014-15?", "optionA": "India", "optionB": "China", "optionC": "UK", "optionD": "USA", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "The UK had a yield of 73.60 quintals per hectare." }, { "id": "q_108", "question": "The term 'Gamble of monsoon' is used for which sector in India?", "optionA": "Industry", "optionB": "Trade", "optionC": "Agriculture", "optionD": "Banking", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "More than 50% of cultivated land depends on rainfall." }, { "id": "q_109", "question": "What is 'Disguised Unemployment' in agriculture?", "optionA": "People with no jobs", "optionB": "People working but their marginal productivity is zero", "optionC": "Seasonal workers", "optionD": "Educated unemployed", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This happens due to overcrowding on limited land." }, { "id": "q_110", "question": "Which of the following is an 'Institutional Factor' for low agricultural productivity?", "optionA": "Lack of rain", "optionB": "Defective land tenurial system", "optionC": "Use of old plows", "optionD": "Lack of seeds", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Unequal distribution of land and lack of security for tenants hinder growth." }, { "id": "q_111", "question": "As per 2013 data, what percentage of agricultural credit needs are met by institutional agencies (banks\/co-operatives)?", "optionA": "100%", "optionB": "75%", "optionC": "56 per cent", "optionD": "10%", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "A large portion (44%) still comes from private money lenders." }, { "id": "q_112", "question": "When was the 'Green Revolution' adopted in India?", "optionA": "Early 1950s", "optionB": "Late 1960s", "optionC": "1991", "optionD": "2000", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It was a new strategy to augment foodgrain production." }, { "id": "q_113", "question": "What does 'HYV' stand for in the context of the Green Revolution?", "optionA": "High Yearly Volume", "optionB": "High Yielding Varieties", "optionC": "Heavy Yielding Vegetables", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "These are specialized seeds for higher production." }, { "id": "q_114", "question": "Which crops were the primary focus of the Green Revolution?", "optionA": "Cotton and Jute", "optionB": "Wheat and Rice", "optionC": "Tea and Coffee", "optionD": "Pulses", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Wheat production, in particular, saw spectacular growth." }, { "id": "q_115", "question": "What is the 'Marketable Surplus' of foodgrains?", "optionA": "Total produce", "optionB": "Produce sold in the market after farmer's consumption", "optionC": "Damaged crops", "optionD": "Buffer stock", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Higher productivity led to a rising trend in the surplus available for sale." }, { "id": "q_116", "question": "The Green Revolution was primarily confined to which region initially?", "optionA": "South India", "optionB": "North-western states (Punjab, Haryana, UP)", "optionC": "Eastern India", "optionD": "Coastal Odisha", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "These states became prosperous due to early adoption." }, { "id": "q_117", "question": "Industrial development is strongly correlated with?", "optionA": "High level of income", "optionB": "Poverty", "optionC": "Low literacy", "optionD": "Rural life", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "Industry provides a strong foundation for rapid economic development." }, { "id": "q_118", "question": "What was the contribution of the manufacturing sector to GDP in 2014-15?", "optionA": "8.9%", "optionB": "14.8%", "optionC": "18.08 per cent", "optionD": "30%", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Manufacturing is a key component of the secondary sector." }, { "id": "q_119", "question": "In 2013-14, what percentage of the labour force was engaged in the industrial sector?", "optionA": "49%", "optionB": "24.3 per cent", "optionC": "11%", "optionD": "17.5%", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This sector has absorbed more workers over the decades." }, { "id": "q_120", "question": "When was the first Industrial Policy Resolution (IPR) adopted?", "optionA": "1947", "optionB": "April 6, 1948", "optionC": "1956", "optionD": "1991", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It contemplated a mixed economy." }, { "id": "q_121", "question": "Which IPR is known as the 'Economic Constitution of India'?", "optionA": "1948", "optionB": "1956", "optionC": "1977", "optionD": "1991", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It gave a systematic approach for rapid industrialization." }, { "id": "q_122", "question": "How many industries were placed in 'Schedule A' (exclusive state control) in IPR 1956?", "optionA": "7", "optionB": "12", "optionC": "17", "optionD": "20", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "These included arms, atomic energy, and railways." }, { "id": "q_123", "question": "'Schedule B' in IPR 1956 consisted of how many industries?", "optionA": "17", "optionB": "12", "optionC": "20", "optionD": "5", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "These were to be progressively state-owned." }, { "id": "q_124", "question": "The New Industrial Policy of 1991 is based on the principles of?", "optionA": "Protectionism", "optionB": "LPG (Liberalisation, Privatisation, Globalisation)", "optionC": "Socialism", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It aimed to make Indian industry globally competitive." }, { "id": "q_125", "question": "LPG stands for?", "optionA": "Local, Private, Global", "optionB": "Liberalisation, Privatisation, Globalisation", "optionC": "Land, Power, Gold", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "These are the three pillars of the 1991 reforms." }, { "id": "q_126", "question": "What did the 1991 policy do regarding 'Industrial Licensing'?", "optionA": "Made it stricter", "optionB": "Abolished it for most industries", "optionC": "Only for big cities", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "80% of industries were freed from licensing requirements." }, { "id": "q_127", "question": "Under IPR 1991, how many industries are currently reserved for the public sector?", "optionA": "17", "optionB": "8", "optionC": "3", "optionD": "10", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Only a few strategic areas like atomic energy remain reserved." }, { "id": "q_128", "question": "What was the investment limit for 'Tiny Sector' units increased to in 1991?", "optionA": "Rs. 5 lakh", "optionB": "Rs. 10 lakh", "optionC": "Rs. 25 lakh", "optionD": "Rs. 1 crore", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "This was done to promote small-scale industries." }, { "id": "q_129", "question": "FDI stands for?", "optionA": "Fixed Deposit Income", "optionB": "Foreign Direct Investment", "optionC": "Foreign Defense Industry", "optionD": "Final Development Index", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "1991 policy encouraged the flow of foreign capital." }, { "id": "q_130", "question": "Infrastructure is often referred to as?", "optionA": "Social burden", "optionB": "Economic and social overheads", "optionC": "Luxury", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is the lubricant that keeps the wheels of the economy moving." }, { "id": "q_131", "question": "Which of the following is 'Economic Infrastructure'?", "optionA": "Health", "optionB": "Education", "optionC": "Energy, Transport, and Communication", "optionD": "Hygiene", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "These directly facilitate production and distribution." }, { "id": "q_132", "question": "Which of the following is 'Social Infrastructure'?", "optionA": "Railways", "optionB": "Roads", "optionC": "Education and Health", "optionD": "Electricity", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "These improve the quality of human capital." }, { "id": "q_133", "question": "Conventional sources of energy are?", "optionA": "Solar and Wind", "optionB": "Coal, oil, natural gas, and electricity", "optionC": "Tidal energy", "optionD": "Bio-energy", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "These are generally exhaustible or non-renewable." }, { "id": "q_134", "question": "Which state has the highest share of estimated potential for renewable power in India?", "optionA": "Karnataka", "optionB": "Tamil Nadu", "optionC": "Gujarat", "optionD": "Maharashtra", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Gujarat leads with 25.04 per cent share." }, { "id": "q_135", "question": "Indian Railways is the world's ___ largest railway network?", "optionA": "First", "optionB": "Second", "optionC": "Third", "optionD": "Seventh", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "It is a massive network owned and operated by the government." }, { "id": "q_136", "question": "In 2014-15, Indian railways carried how many million tons of freight?", "optionA": "93", "optionB": "196", "optionC": "1058.8", "optionD": "500", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "This shows the massive scale of logistical operations." }, { "id": "q_137", "question": "Which mode of transport is considered the 'Cheapest' for bulky goods over long distances?", "optionA": "Road", "optionB": "Air", "optionC": "Water Transport", "optionD": "Rail", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "It involves no cost for building routes (nature provides them)." }, { "id": "q_138", "question": "What is the length of India's coastline (in km)?", "optionA": "1000", "optionB": "5000", "optionC": "7516", "optionD": "10000", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "This gives India great potential for marine transport and trade." }, { "id": "q_139", "question": "When was air transport nationalized in India?", "optionA": "1920", "optionB": "1947", "optionC": "1953", "optionD": "1991", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Air India and Indian Airlines were constituted then." }, { "id": "q_140", "question": "Which sector in air transport ended its monopoly in 1994?", "optionA": "Private sector", "optionB": "Public sector", "optionC": "Foreign sector", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The entry of private airlines was allowed after this." }, { "id": "q_141", "question": "The PIN code system was introduced in India on?", "optionA": "1947", "optionB": "1950", "optionC": "August 15, 1972", "optionD": "2000", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "It was done to streamline postal services." }, { "id": "q_142", "question": "Which is the oldest government-owned public utility organization in the world?", "optionA": "BSNL", "optionB": "Indian Railways", "optionC": "Indian Telegraph service", "optionD": "Air India", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "It was started in 1851." }, { "id": "q_143", "question": "Expenditure on education in India is approximately ___ per cent of GDP?", "optionA": "6%", "optionB": "10%", "optionC": "3.3 per cent", "optionD": "1%", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "This is low compared to developed countries like the USA (6%)." }, { "id": "q_144", "question": "What was the literacy rate of females in India in 2011?", "optionA": "82.14%", "optionB": "74.04%", "optionC": "65.46%", "optionD": "50%", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Female literacy (65.46%) is significantly lower than male literacy (82.14%)." }, { "id": "q_145", "question": "Which state has recorded the lowest literacy rate in India?", "optionA": "Odisha", "optionB": "Kerala", "optionC": "Bihar", "optionD": "Rajasthan", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "As per the 2011 census data." }, { "id": "q_146", "question": "Which policy recommended the 10+2+3 pattern of education?", "optionA": "1948 Policy", "optionB": "National Policy on Education 1968", "optionC": "1991 Reform", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It aimed for a uniform structure across the country." }, { "id": "q_147", "question": "'Operation Blackboard' was a part of which policy?", "optionA": "1968 Policy", "optionB": "National Policy on Education 1986", "optionC": "1956 IPR", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It aimed to improve primary school facilities." }, { "id": "q_148", "question": "What is the target age group for 'Adult Education' to remove illiteracy?", "optionA": "5-10 years", "optionB": "15-35 years", "optionC": "Above 60", "optionD": "All ages", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This group is targeted to make the workforce more productive." }, { "id": "q_149", "question": "Navoday Vidyalayas were established to?", "optionA": "Provide education to rich people", "optionB": "Promote national integration and serve bright rural students", "optionC": "Teach farming", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "These are residential model schools." }, { "id": "q_150", "question": "The Right to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act was passed in?", "optionA": "2000", "optionB": "2005", "optionC": "2009", "optionD": "2014", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It provides education to children aged 6 to 14." }, { "id": "q_151", "question": "What is considered an important index of the standard of living of the people?", "optionA": "Gold holdings", "optionB": "Health", "optionC": "Number of cars", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Good health increases the efficiency of the labour force." }, { "id": "q_152", "question": "The 'Minimum Needs Programme' (MNP) focuses on which health care system?", "optionA": "Urban", "optionB": "Rural", "optionC": "Foreign", "optionD": "Private", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It aims to develop health care services specifically in rural and backward areas." }, { "id": "q_153", "question": "What is the full form of PHC in the rural health care system?", "optionA": "Private Health Clinic", "optionB": "Primary Health Centre", "optionC": "Public Health Cell", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "PHCs are the basic units providing health services to rural people." }, { "id": "q_154", "question": "Which unit is established to meet the medical requirements for every one lakh population?", "optionA": "PHC", "optionB": "Sub-Centre", "optionC": "Community Health Centre (CHC)", "optionD": "Dispensary", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "CHCs are 30-bed hospitals with specialized medical facilities." }, { "id": "q_155", "question": "The 'National Malaria Eradication Programme' was launched in which year?", "optionA": "1951", "optionB": "1958", "optionC": "1977", "optionD": "1983", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It was a major step towards controlling communicable diseases." }, { "id": "q_156", "question": "In order to provide advanced medical facilities at low cost, the government has set up units of?", "optionA": "RBI", "optionB": "SEBI", "optionC": "AIIMS", "optionD": "LIC", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) provides high-level medical care." }, { "id": "q_157", "question": "What is the status of medical research in India according to the text?", "optionA": "Properly focused", "optionB": "Not properly focused", "optionC": "World leader", "optionD": "None of the above", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The text notes that medical research in India requires more attention and funding." }, { "id": "q_158", "question": "Who described international trade as an \"engine of economic growth\"?", "optionA": "Adam Smith", "optionB": "D. H. Robertson", "optionC": "Manmohan Singh", "optionD": "Amartya Sen", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Trade facilitates the expansion of production and resource utilization." }, { "id": "q_159", "question": "'Trade Surplus' occurs when?", "optionA": "Imports > Exports", "optionB": "Exports > Imports", "optionC": "Exports = Imports", "optionD": "No trade", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It means the value of goods sold abroad is higher than goods purchased." }, { "id": "q_160", "question": "Foreign trade helps in the 'Stabilisation of Prices' by?", "optionA": "Increasing taxes", "optionB": "Disposing of domestic surpluses and meeting shortages through imports", "optionC": "Stopping all trade", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It prevents deflationary and inflationary crises." }, { "id": "q_161", "question": "What was the nature of India's foreign trade during the British period?", "optionA": "Exported machines", "optionB": "Exported raw materials and imported finished goods", "optionC": "Self-sufficient", "optionD": "No trade", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This was a classic colonial pattern of trade." }, { "id": "q_162", "question": "Which country was India's major trading partner at the time of independence?", "optionA": "USA", "optionB": "UK", "optionC": "Japan", "optionD": "Germany", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "England accounted for the largest share of both exports and imports." }, { "id": "q_163", "question": "Before 1947, India's exports to England constituted ___ per cent of total exports?", "optionA": "10%", "optionB": "21 per cent", "optionC": "34 per cent", "optionD": "50%", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Colonial ties dominated the direction of trade." }, { "id": "q_164", "question": "India's top import item in both 2013-14 and 2014-15 was?", "optionA": "Gold", "optionB": "Electronic goods", "optionC": "Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products", "optionD": "Fertilizers", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Energy requirements drive India's high import bill." }, { "id": "q_165", "question": "Which country became the biggest source of India's imports in 2012-13?", "optionA": "USA", "optionB": "UAE", "optionC": "China", "optionD": "UK", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "China's share in imports has increased at a very fast rate." }, { "id": "q_166", "question": "What is the 'Direction of Trade'?", "optionA": "The speed of ships", "optionB": "The countries to which a country exports and from which it imports", "optionC": "The route taken", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It shows the geographical distribution of a country's trade." }, { "id": "q_167", "question": "The 'Composition of Trade' refers to?", "optionA": "Number of ships", "optionB": "The types of goods and services exchanged", "optionC": "The weight of goods", "optionD": "The language used", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It describes what items are being exported or imported." }, { "id": "q_168", "question": "Which organization's increased petroleum prices led to a hike in India's import bill in the 1970s?", "optionA": "WTO", "optionB": "IMF", "optionC": "OPEC", "optionD": "UNESCO", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) controls oil supply." }, { "id": "q_169", "question": "Since the 1990s, the value of India's imports has increased for all items EXCEPT?", "optionA": "Petroleum", "optionB": "Capital Goods", "optionC": "Food grains", "optionD": "Chemicals", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Self-sufficiency in food grains reduced the need for these imports." }, { "id": "q_170", "question": "At present, India's top export partner is?", "optionA": "UK", "optionB": "China", "optionC": "USA", "optionD": "Russia", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The USA stands at the top among destinations for Indian exports." }, { "id": "q_171", "question": "OECD countries include which of the following?", "optionA": "OPEC members", "optionB": "European Union (EU), USA, and Canada", "optionC": "Only Asian countries", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "These are mostly developed industrial nations." }, { "id": "q_172", "question": "What was the contribution of agriculture to India's G.D.P. in 2014-15?", "optionA": "35.7%", "optionB": "17.4 per cent", "optionC": "14.7%", "optionD": "13.9%", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This shows the sector's relative importance in the overall economy." }, { "id": "q_173", "question": "When did India achieve self-sufficiency in foodgrain production?", "optionA": "End of 4th plan", "optionB": "End of 5th plan", "optionC": "During 6th plan", "optionD": "Beginning of 7th plan", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The success of the Green Revolution made this possible." }, { "id": "q_174", "question": "What is the share of area under cultivation of foodgrains in the total cultivated area?", "optionA": "30%", "optionB": "50%", "optionC": "60%", "optionD": "70 per cent", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "Most land is still devoted to feeding the population." }, { "id": "q_175", "question": "What is the average annual growth rate of agricultural GDP since 1951?", "optionA": "4%", "optionB": "3.5%", "optionC": "2.7 per cent", "optionD": "1.5%", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Growth has been steady but slower than other sectors." }, { "id": "q_176", "question": "What is the size of marginal and small land holdings in India?", "optionA": "50%", "optionB": "70%", "optionC": "80 per cent", "optionD": "90%", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "A large majority of farmers operate on very small plots." }, { "id": "q_177", "question": "What amount of fertilizer is used per hectare in India (according to the text)?", "optionA": "90 kg", "optionB": "92 kg", "optionC": "105 kg", "optionD": "102 kg", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "This is still lower than many developed countries." }, { "id": "q_178", "question": "Which crop benefited most under the impact of the Green Revolution?", "optionA": "Rice", "optionB": "Sugar cane", "optionC": "Wheat", "optionD": "Oil seeds", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Wheat production increased by about 9 times." }, { "id": "q_179", "question": "What is the trend of production of agriculture output in India?", "optionA": "Rising", "optionB": "Falling", "optionC": "Constant", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "Total output has increased significantly since planning began." }, { "id": "q_180", "question": "In which of the following is India the largest producer?", "optionA": "Rice", "optionB": "Wheat", "optionC": "Buffalo Milk", "optionD": "Sugar cane", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "India holds a leading position globally in milk production." }, { "id": "q_181", "question": "What is the contribution of industry to India's GDP at present (as per text)?", "optionA": "23.7%", "optionB": "25%", "optionC": "30 per cent", "optionD": "27%", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "The secondary sector has grown significantly since independence." }, { "id": "q_182", "question": "What is the share of employment in industry in the total work force?", "optionA": "40%", "optionB": "17%", "optionC": "Approximately 20 per cent", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Industry employs about one-fifth of the population." }, { "id": "q_183", "question": "Which IPR is regarded as the 'economic constitution of India'?", "optionA": "1948", "optionB": "1956", "optionC": "1977", "optionD": "1991", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It defined the long-term role of the public and private sectors." }, { "id": "q_184", "question": "How many industries are currently reserved for the public sector?", "optionA": "17", "optionB": "8", "optionC": "6", "optionD": "3", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "Dereservation has left only a few strategic sectors like railways." }, { "id": "q_185", "question": "How many industries are under the purview of industrial licensing at present?", "optionA": "6", "optionB": "4", "optionC": "5", "optionD": "3", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "Only a handful of hazardous or strategic industries require licenses." }, { "id": "q_186", "question": "What is the investment limit in the tiny sector according to IPR 1991?", "optionA": "5 lakh", "optionB": "10 lakh", "optionC": "20 lakh", "optionD": "25 lakh", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "This encourages small entrepreneurs and rural industry." }, { "id": "q_187", "question": "Economic infrastructure includes which of the following?", "optionA": "Irrigation works", "optionB": "Roads", "optionC": "Railways", "optionD": "All of these", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "These are physical systems needed for a functional economy." }, { "id": "q_188", "question": "Social infrastructure includes?", "optionA": "Telecommunication", "optionB": "Air transport", "optionC": "Education", "optionD": "Irrigation", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "It deals with the human development aspect." }, { "id": "q_189", "question": "Which of the following is NOT a source of renewable energy?", "optionA": "Solar", "optionB": "Fuel wood", "optionC": "Tidal", "optionD": "Wind", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Fuel wood is considered traditional but leads to deforestation if not managed." }, { "id": "q_190", "question": "Which of the following is NOT a source of conventional energy?", "optionA": "Electricity", "optionB": "Bio-energy", "optionC": "Coal", "optionD": "Oil and natural gas", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Bio-energy is classified as non-conventional\/renewable." }, { "id": "q_191", "question": "Air transport was started in India in which year?", "optionA": "1951", "optionB": "1952", "optionC": "1953", "optionD": "1920", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "It has been operating for over a century." }, { "id": "q_192", "question": "The first railway line in India was laid between?", "optionA": "Calcutta and Bombay", "optionB": "New Delhi and Bangalore", "optionC": "Bombay and Thane", "optionD": "Chennai and Calcutta", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "It covered a distance of 34 kms in 1853." }, { "id": "q_193", "question": "The First National Policy on Education was formulated in?", "optionA": "1986", "optionB": "1987", "optionC": "1968", "optionD": "1969", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "It laid the groundwork for modern Indian education." }, { "id": "q_194", "question": "Which country was the major trading partner of India at independence?", "optionA": "USA", "optionB": "UK", "optionC": "Germany", "optionD": "Japan", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Due to historical colonial links." }, { "id": "q_195", "question": "Which is India's top most item of exports at present?", "optionA": "Vehicles", "optionB": "Organic chemicals", "optionC": "Petroleum and Petroleum Products", "optionD": "Pearls", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "India has become a major refiner of oil." }, { "id": "q_196", "question": "Which is India's top most item of imports at present?", "optionA": "Pearls", "optionB": "Organic chemicals", "optionC": "Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products", "optionD": "Plastic", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Essential for meeting the country's energy needs." }, { "id": "q_197", "question": "Which of the following is the top most destination for India's exports?", "optionA": "North America", "optionB": "Asia", "optionC": "Africa", "optionD": "Europe", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Regional proximity and demand make Asia the top destination." }, { "id": "q_198", "question": "Which of the following is the most important source of India's imports?", "optionA": "North America", "optionB": "Europe", "optionC": "Africa", "optionD": "Asia", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "Asia (including China and UAE) is a major supplier." }, { "id": "q_199", "question": "Who is India's biggest export partner?", "optionA": "USA", "optionB": "China", "optionC": "Hong Kong", "optionD": "UK", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "The USA remains a key market for Indian goods." }, { "id": "q_200", "question": "Which is India's biggest import source?", "optionA": "USA", "optionB": "South Korea", "optionC": "China", "optionD": "Quatar", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Despite trade deficits, China is a major source of goods." }, { "id": "q_201", "question": "When did India enter into the era of planned economic development?", "optionA": "1947", "optionB": "1950", "optionC": "April 1951", "optionD": "1956", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "The first Five Year Plan was launched with effect from April 1951." }, { "id": "q_202", "question": "Who defined planning as \"the making of major economic decisions... on the basis of a comprehensive survey of the economy as a whole\"?", "optionA": "Adam Smith", "optionB": "Dickinson", "optionC": "Marshall", "optionD": "J.M. Keynes", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "H.D. Dickinson provided this widely accepted definition of economic planning." }, { "id": "q_203", "question": "In India, who was the ex-officio Chairperson of the Planning Commission?", "optionA": "President of India", "optionB": "Finance Minister", "optionC": "Prime Minister", "optionD": "RBI Governor", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "The Prime Minister headed the Planning Commission since its inception in 1950." }, { "id": "q_204", "question": "What was the primary reason for adopting planning in India at independence?", "optionA": "To increase exports", "optionB": "To address stagnation, poverty, and unemployment", "optionC": "To build a strong military", "optionD": "To colonize other nations", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Planning was seen as the chief means to lift the economy out of colonial backwardness." }, { "id": "q_205", "question": "Which of the following is a major objective of planning mentioned in the text?", "optionA": "Mobilisation of resources", "optionB": "Regional disparity reduction", "optionC": "Alleviation of poverty", "optionD": "All of the above", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "These are the core pillars of India's developmental strategy." }, { "id": "q_206", "question": "What was the total plan outlay for the First Five Year Plan?", "optionA": "Rs. 4,672 crore", "optionB": "Rs. 1,960 crore", "optionC": "Rs. 10,000 crore", "optionD": "Rs. 50,000 crore", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The first plan was relatively small and focused on agriculture." }, { "id": "q_207", "question": "The Second Five Year Plan (1956-61) accorded top priority to?", "optionA": "Agriculture", "optionB": "Heavy and basic industries", "optionC": "Education", "optionD": "Foreign Trade", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It aimed for rapid industrialization based on the Mahalanobis model." }, { "id": "q_208", "question": "What was the actual annual growth rate achieved during the First Five Year Plan?", "optionA": "2.1 per cent", "optionB": "3.6 per cent", "optionC": "5.0 per cent", "optionD": "4.2 per cent", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The first plan exceeded its target of 2.1% by achieving 3.6%." }, { "id": "q_209", "question": "During which period did India have a 'Plan Holiday'?", "optionA": "1951-1956", "optionB": "1966 to 1969", "optionC": "1990-1992", "optionD": "1980-1985", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Due to drought and economic crisis, three Annual Plans were implemented instead of a Five Year Plan." }, { "id": "q_210", "question": "Which Five Year Plan was delayed by two years due to political instability and started in 1992?", "optionA": "Seventh Plan", "optionB": "Eighth Five Year Plan", "optionC": "Ninth Plan", "optionD": "Tenth Plan", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The Eighth plan was eventually launched after the 1991 reforms." }, { "id": "q_211", "question": "What was the targeted growth rate for the Tenth Five Year Plan?", "optionA": "5.6 per cent", "optionB": "6.5 per cent", "optionC": "8 per cent", "optionD": "9 per cent", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "The Tenth plan aimed for a high growth rate of 8%." }, { "id": "q_212", "question": "The Twelfth Five Year Plan covered which period?", "optionA": "2002-2007", "optionB": "2007-2012", "optionC": "2012-2017", "optionD": "2015-2020", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "This was the final Five Year Plan in India's history." }, { "id": "q_213", "question": "How many Annual Plans have been formulated in India during the planning era?", "optionA": "3", "optionB": "4", "optionC": "6", "optionD": "10", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Six annual plans were used during periods when five-year plans couldn't be implemented." }, { "id": "q_214", "question": "In the Indian context, 'Self-reliance' implies?", "optionA": "No trade with anyone", "optionB": "Reduction and ultimate elimination of foreign aid", "optionC": "Only importing gold", "optionD": "None of the above", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It means producing essential goods and meeting financial needs domestically." }, { "id": "q_215", "question": "'Modernisation of the economy' involves?", "optionA": "Changing the structural and institutional set up", "optionB": "Buying new cars", "optionC": "Only using computers", "optionD": "Moving everyone to cities", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "It includes technological advancement and institutional changes like land reforms." }, { "id": "q_216", "question": "The 'Garibi Hatao' goal was most prominent from which Five Year Plan onwards?", "optionA": "First", "optionB": "Second", "optionC": "Fourth", "optionD": "Sixth", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Poverty alleviation became a distinct plan objective in the 1970s." }, { "id": "q_217", "question": "Which indicator showed a significant rise during the entire plan period (1951-2016)?", "optionA": "Inflation", "optionB": "GDP and Per capita income", "optionC": "Poverty", "optionD": "Unemployment", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Despite failures, the overall trend of national income has been upwards." }, { "id": "q_218", "question": "India became self-sufficient in foodgrain production by the end of which plan?", "optionA": "Second", "optionB": "Third", "optionC": "Fourth", "optionD": "Fifth Five Year Plan", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "The Green Revolution's success was fully realized by the late 1970s." }, { "id": "q_219", "question": "A major failure of Indian planning mentioned is 'Massive Unemployment'; about how many million were unemployed in 2012?", "optionA": "10", "optionB": "25", "optionC": "40 million", "optionD": "100", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "The backlog of unemployed remained a grim challenge." }, { "id": "q_220", "question": "The HDI rank of India (135) is considered ___ compared to other emerging economies?", "optionA": "High", "optionB": "Low", "optionC": "Equal", "optionD": "Best", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "India lags behind countries like China and Brazil in human development." }, { "id": "q_221", "question": "When was NITI Aayog formed?", "optionA": "August 15, 2014", "optionB": "January 1, 2015", "optionC": "April 1, 2015", "optionD": "January 1, 2016", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It replaced the 65-year-old Planning Commission." }, { "id": "q_222", "question": "NITI Aayog is a Government of India ___?", "optionA": "Bank", "optionB": "Court", "optionC": "Policy think-tank", "optionD": "Statistical office", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "It provides directional and strategic inputs to the government." }, { "id": "q_223", "question": "Who is the Chairperson of NITI Aayog?", "optionA": "Finance Minister", "optionB": "Prime Minister", "optionC": "President", "optionD": "Vice-President", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Like the Planning Commission, it is headed by the PM." }, { "id": "q_224", "question": "The 'Governing Council' of NITI Aayog comprises?", "optionA": "Only Cabinet Ministers", "optionB": "Chief Ministers of all States and Lt. Governors of UTs", "optionC": "Only Economists", "optionD": "Foreign Investors", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This fosters cooperative federalism." }, { "id": "q_225", "question": "NITI Aayog follows which approach to planning?", "optionA": "Top-down", "optionB": "Bottom-up", "optionC": "Side-to-side", "optionD": "No approach", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It emphasizes involvement of states and local levels in plan formulation." }, { "id": "q_226", "question": "Who was the first Vice-Chairperson of NITI Aayog?", "optionA": "Amitabh Kant", "optionB": "Arvind Panagariya", "optionC": "Manmohan Singh", "optionD": "Arun Jaitley", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "He was a prominent economist appointed to lead the new body." }, { "id": "q_227", "question": "Which body used to allocate resources to states under the old system, a power NITI Aayog does not have?", "optionA": "RBI", "optionB": "Planning Commission", "optionC": "Finance Ministry", "optionD": "SEBI", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Resource allocation is now the function of the Ministry of Finance." }, { "id": "q_228", "question": "In 1990-91, India's foreign exchange reserves fell to a level barely enough to pay for ___ of imports?", "optionA": "One year", "optionB": "Six months", "optionC": "Two weeks", "optionD": "One day", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "This severe liquidity crisis forced the 1991 reforms." }, { "id": "q_229", "question": "What was the fiscal deficit percentage in 1990-91?", "optionA": "3%", "optionB": "5%", "optionC": "8.4 percent", "optionD": "12%", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "High government borrowing led to a debt crisis." }, { "id": "q_230", "question": "To get foreign exchange during the 1991 crisis, India had to mortgage gold in?", "optionA": "Swiss Bank", "optionB": "Bank of America", "optionC": "Bank of England", "optionD": "World Bank", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "This was a desperate measure taken before the reform package." }, { "id": "q_231", "question": "Who was the Finance Minister who introduced the New Economic Policy in 1991?", "optionA": "P.V. Narasimha Rao", "optionB": "Dr. Manmohan Singh", "optionC": "Yashwant Sinha", "optionD": "Pranab Mukherjee", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Under PM Narasimha Rao, Dr. Singh designed the reform strategy." }, { "id": "q_232", "question": "The 1991 reforms are often summarized as 'LPG'. What does 'L' stand for?", "optionA": "Localization", "optionB": "Liberalisation", "optionC": "Legislation", "optionD": "Labor", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It means freeing industries from unnecessary bureaucratic control." }, { "id": "q_233", "question": "What does 'P' in LPG stand for?", "optionA": "Population", "optionB": "Public", "optionC": "Privatisation", "optionD": "Price", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "It refers to the transfer of ownership from the public to the private sector." }, { "id": "q_234", "question": "What does 'G' in LPG stand for?", "optionA": "Growth", "optionB": "Globalisation", "optionC": "Government", "optionD": "General", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It involves integrating the domestic economy with the world economy." }, { "id": "q_235", "question": "Industrial licensing was abolished in 1991 for all except ___ industries?", "optionA": "50", "optionB": "18", "optionC": "5", "optionD": "2", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Initially 18, and later reduced further to 5 or 6 hazardous\/strategic industries." }, { "id": "q_236", "question": "MRTP Act was amended in 1991 to?", "optionA": "Ban all large companies", "optionB": "Remove asset limits and encourage investment", "optionC": "Increase taxes", "optionD": "None of the above", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices (MRTP) Act was relaxed." }, { "id": "q_237", "question": "Liberalisation allowed private entrepreneurs to set up non-polluting industries in cities with population less than 1 million at what distance from the city's periphery?", "optionA": "5 km", "optionB": "10 km", "optionC": "25 kms", "optionD": "50 km", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "This was done to decentralize industry." }, { "id": "q_238", "question": "FDI equity was initially allowed up to what percentage in 34 high priority industries in 1991?", "optionA": "25%", "optionB": "49%", "optionC": "51 percent", "optionD": "100%", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "This marked a significant opening for foreign investors." }, { "id": "q_239", "question": "The process of selling government shares in PSUs to the private sector is called?", "optionA": "Investment", "optionB": "Disinvestment", "optionC": "Nationalisation", "optionD": "Taxation", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This is a key method of resource mobilization and privatization." }, { "id": "q_240", "question": "How many industries were reserved for the public sector in the 1956 policy?", "optionA": "3", "optionB": "8", "optionC": "17", "optionD": "25", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Most industries were under government control before 1991." }, { "id": "q_241", "question": "After 1991, the number of industries reserved for the public sector was initially reduced to?", "optionA": "15", "optionB": "10", "optionC": "8", "optionD": "3", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Only 8 strategic sectors remained exclusive to the government." }, { "id": "q_242", "question": "Mandatory Convertibility Clause removal meant?", "optionA": "Banks can't lend", "optionB": "Financial institutions won't convert loans into equity", "optionC": "Currency is not convertible", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This gave more freedom to private firms to manage their debt." }, { "id": "q_243", "question": "Devaluation of the Rupee in 1991 was done to?", "optionA": "Decrease exports", "optionB": "Increase imports", "optionC": "Overcome BOP deficit and augment exports", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Making the currency cheaper makes exports more competitive." }, { "id": "q_244", "question": "Rupee was made fully convertible on 'Current Account' in which year's budget?", "optionA": "1991-92", "optionB": "1994-95", "optionC": "2000-01", "optionD": "2014-15", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This was a major step in globalizing the Indian currency." }, { "id": "q_245", "question": "'Open General Licence' (OGL) was used for?", "optionA": "Driving cars", "optionB": "Liberalisation of imports", "optionC": "Exporting gold", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It removed quantitative restrictions on many import items." }, { "id": "q_246", "question": "'Second Generation Reforms' started in India in which year?", "optionA": "1991", "optionB": "1995", "optionC": "2001", "optionD": "2015", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "These focused on fiscal, financial, and labor law reforms." }, { "id": "q_247", "question": "Prior to 1991, the growth rate of the Indian economy was very low, often called the?", "optionA": "Nehru rate", "optionB": "Hindu rate of growth", "optionC": "Stagnation rate", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This term refers to the 3.5% - 4% average growth rate seen before the reforms." }, { "id": "q_248", "question": "What was the average annual growth rate of GDP during the post-reform decade (1991-2001)?", "optionA": "3.7 per cent", "optionB": "5.8 per cent", "optionC": "7.5 per cent", "optionD": "8.6 per cent", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Economic reforms led to a noticeable increase in the growth trajectory." }, { "id": "q_249", "question": "In 2015-16, India's GDP growth rate was 7.5%, which was higher than which emerging economy?", "optionA": "Brazil", "optionB": "Russia", "optionC": "China", "optionD": "All of the above", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "Post-reform India became one of the fastest-growing economies globally." }, { "id": "q_250", "question": "Total FDI inflow to India between 1991-92 and 2006-07 was approximately?", "optionA": "$ 10 billion", "optionB": "$ 50.5 billion", "optionC": "US$ 136.5 billion", "optionD": "$ 500 billion", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Globalisation significantly boosted foreign investment." }, { "id": "q_251", "question": "What was the annual average FDI inflow per annum during the 1991-2007 period?", "optionA": "$ 1 billion", "optionB": "US$ 9.1 billion", "optionC": "$ 24 billion", "optionD": "$ 44.9 billion", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This shows the steady integration of India into the global capital market." }, { "id": "q_252", "question": "Which sector showed the most significant improvement in performance judged by gross profit after 1991?", "optionA": "Agriculture", "optionB": "Private Sector", "optionC": "Central Public Sector Enterprises (PSUs)", "optionD": "Small Scale Industry", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Reforms forced PSUs to become more efficient and profit-oriented." }, { "id": "q_253", "question": "Between 2005-06, the net profit of PSUs as a percentage of capital employed rose to?", "optionA": "2.84%", "optionB": "12.1%", "optionC": "21.5%", "optionD": "5.8%", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "As shown in Table 3.3, efficiency in the public sector improved." }, { "id": "q_254", "question": "Despite reforms, what percentage of the Indian population was living below the poverty line in 2009-10?", "optionA": "10%", "optionB": "21.9%", "optionC": "29.8 per cent", "optionD": "50%", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Poverty remains a grim challenge despite high GDP growth." }, { "id": "q_255", "question": "What is the 'major sin' of economic reforms according to the text?", "optionA": "Too much FDI", "optionB": "Neglect of Agriculture", "optionC": "High literacy", "optionD": "Low taxes", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "C.S.O. data reveals that agricultural growth fell below targets during the reform period." }, { "id": "q_256", "question": "The targeted growth of agriculture was 4%, but during the post-reform period (1990-2015), it came down to?", "optionA": "3.1%", "optionB": "2.0 per cent", "optionC": "1.2%", "optionD": "0.5%", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Lack of public investment in irrigation and infrastructure hindered rural growth." }, { "id": "q_257", "question": "What has happened to the 'Inequality' in the distribution of income post-1991?", "optionA": "It has decreased", "optionB": "It has remained constant", "optionC": "It has widened", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "The benefits of reforms have not been equally distributed among all sections." }, { "id": "q_258", "question": "When did the NDA government assume office and start a new set of reform measures?", "optionA": "May 2014", "optionB": "May 2015", "optionC": "January 2015", "optionD": "June 2017", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The text highlights measures taken since May 2015." }, { "id": "q_259", "question": "Which major tax reform was introduced through a Constitutional Amendment to be implemented from mid-2017?", "optionA": "Income Tax", "optionB": "Goods and Services Tax (GST)", "optionC": "Wealth Tax", "optionD": "Sales Tax", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "GST aims to create a unified national market." }, { "id": "q_260", "question": "The 'Pradhanmantri Jan Dhan Yojana' was instituted for?", "optionA": "Building roads", "optionB": "Financial inclusion", "optionC": "Exporting rice", "optionD": "Higher education", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Over 12.5 crore new bank accounts were opened by 2015." }, { "id": "q_261", "question": "What is the FDI cap in the Defense sector as per the recent measures mentioned?", "optionA": "26%", "optionB": "49 per cent", "optionC": "51%", "optionD": "100%", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The cap was increased to attract foreign technology and investment in defense." }, { "id": "q_262", "question": "The 'Aadhar Programme' aims to cover how many Indians according to the policy push?", "optionA": "100 million", "optionB": "500 million", "optionC": "One billion Indians", "optionD": "All Asians", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Aadhar is used for direct benefit transfers and bio-identification." }, { "id": "q_263", "question": "In October 2014, the government increased the excise duty on which items to help the environment?", "optionA": "Milk and Bread", "optionB": "Diesel and Coal", "optionC": "Books and Paper", "optionD": "Medicines", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This was done taking advantage of declining global oil prices." }, { "id": "q_264", "question": "In which year was the Planning Commission set up?", "optionA": "1951", "optionB": "1947", "optionC": "1950", "optionD": "1952", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "It was established to formulate five-year development plans." }, { "id": "q_265", "question": "From which year did India enter into an era of planning?", "optionA": "1950", "optionB": "1951", "optionC": "1952", "optionD": "1949", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The 1st Five Year Plan started in 1951." }, { "id": "q_266", "question": "How many Five Year Plans have been completed in India in total (as per the book)?", "optionA": "10", "optionB": "11", "optionC": "12", "optionD": "13", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "The 12th plan was the final one (ending 2017)." }, { "id": "q_267", "question": "How many Annual Plans have been formulated in India?", "optionA": "3", "optionB": "4", "optionC": "5", "optionD": "6", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "These occurred during gaps between five-year plans." }, { "id": "q_268", "question": "For how many years was there a 'Plan Holiday' in India?", "optionA": "3", "optionB": "4", "optionC": "5", "optionD": "2", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "From 1966 to 1969." }, { "id": "q_269", "question": "In which of the following periods was there a plan holiday?", "optionA": "1961-64", "optionB": "1966 to 1969", "optionC": "1957-70", "optionD": "1990-92", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This period followed the 3rd Five Year Plan." }, { "id": "q_270", "question": "In which Five Year Plan was the achievement of growth rate LESS than the targeted growth rate?", "optionA": "First", "optionB": "Second to Fifth", "optionC": "Second to Fifth, Ninth, and Tenth", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Page 223 specifically asks this in the model objective section." }, { "id": "q_271", "question": "In which year did the Twelfth Five Year Plan commence?", "optionA": "2001", "optionB": "2003", "optionC": "2007", "optionD": "2012", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "It ran from 2012 to 2017." }, { "id": "q_272", "question": "Which of the following is the most important indicator of economic growth according to planners?", "optionA": "GNP", "optionB": "National Income", "optionC": "GDP", "optionD": "Per capita income", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Gross Domestic Product is the standard measure." }, { "id": "q_273", "question": "During which Five Year Plan was major emphasis given on industrial development?", "optionA": "First", "optionB": "Second", "optionC": "Third", "optionD": "Fourth", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The 2nd plan focused on heavy industries." }, { "id": "q_274", "question": "In which year were economic reforms introduced in India?", "optionA": "1990", "optionB": "1991", "optionC": "1992", "optionD": "1989", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The New Economic Policy was launched in July 1991." }, { "id": "q_275", "question": "How many industries were requiring licenses in 1991 (initially after reform)?", "optionA": "8", "optionB": "9", "optionC": "18", "optionD": "3", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Licensing was drastically reduced from the previous era." }, { "id": "q_276", "question": "What was the extent of devaluation of the rupee in 1991?", "optionA": "20 per cent", "optionB": "21 per cent", "optionC": "22 per cent", "optionD": "23 per cent", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This was done to make Indian exports more competitive." }, { "id": "q_277", "question": "What was the upper limit of foreign investment in equity of high priority industries in 1991?", "optionA": "50%", "optionB": "49%", "optionC": "51 per cent", "optionD": "61%", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Foreign investors could hold a majority stake for the first time." }, { "id": "q_278", "question": "In which year did the 'Second Generation' of reforms start in India?", "optionA": "1991", "optionB": "2001", "optionC": "2009", "optionD": "2000", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "These reforms focused on deeper structural and labor issues." }, { "id": "q_279", "question": "What does 'LPG' stand for?", "optionA": "Local, Private, Growth", "optionB": "Liberalisation, Privatisation, Globalisation", "optionC": "Land, Power, Gold", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "These are the three pillars of the 1991 economic shift." }, { "id": "q_280", "question": "What is 'Disinvestment'?", "optionA": "Buying more shares", "optionB": "Sale of government shares in public sector undertakings", "optionC": "Increasing 100% tax", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is a part of the privatization strategy." }, { "id": "q_281", "question": "The First Five Year Plan was basically a\/an ___ plan?", "optionA": "Industrial", "optionB": "Agricultural", "optionC": "Educational", "optionD": "Service", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It focused on food security and rural growth." }, { "id": "q_282", "question": "Inclusive growth was given major emphasis in which plan?", "optionA": "First", "optionB": "Eleventh", "optionC": "Fifth", "optionD": "Second", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The 11th and 12th plans focused on \"faster and more inclusive growth\"." }, { "id": "q_283", "question": "The \"65 years old Planning Commission\" was described as a ___ organisation by Arun Jaitley?", "optionA": "Redundant", "optionB": "Essential", "optionC": "Modern", "optionD": "Banking", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "This justification was used for the creation of NITI Aayog." }, { "id": "q_284", "question": "In 1948, industries were divided into how many broad categories?", "optionA": "Two", "optionB": "Three", "optionC": "Four", "optionD": "Five", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "The 1948 IPR laid the foundation for the mixed economy." }, { "id": "q_285", "question": "Which plan was approved by the National Development Council (NDC) on 27th December 2012?", "optionA": "10th", "optionB": "11th", "optionC": "12th", "optionD": "8th", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "This was the final approval for the last five-year plan." }, { "id": "q_286", "question": "Reduction of decadal growth of population to 16.2% was a thrust area of which plan?", "optionA": "5th", "optionB": "10th", "optionC": "12th", "optionD": "1st", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "(Reference page 216)." }, { "id": "q_287", "question": "India's rank in Human Development Index in 2014 was?", "optionA": "100", "optionB": "135", "optionC": "91", "optionD": "118", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "India was 135th out of 187 countries." }, { "id": "q_288", "question": "Which organization's study noted that the top 20% of households in India receive 53.2% of total income?", "optionA": "RBI", "optionB": "NCAER", "optionC": "SEBI", "optionD": "UNESCO", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "National Council of Applied Economic Research conducted this study on inequality." }, { "id": "q_289", "question": "Was the Indian economy highly industrialised at the time of independence?", "optionA": "Yes", "optionB": "No", "optionC": "Only in Odisha", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It was predominantly an agrarian economy." }, { "id": "q_290", "question": "The 1956 IPR is also known as the ___?", "optionA": "Paper Plan", "optionB": "Economic Constitution", "optionC": "Agriculture Policy", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It set the course for India's industrial future." }, { "id": "q_291", "question": "Who selects the CEO of NITI Aayog?", "optionA": "President", "optionB": "Chief Justice", "optionC": "Prime Minister", "optionD": "People by vote", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "The PM appoints the CEO for a fixed tenure." }, { "id": "q_292", "question": "Which plan aimed at the \"Universalisation of primary education\" by 2007?", "optionA": "12th", "optionB": "10th", "optionC": "5th", "optionD": "8th", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "(Reference page 216)." }, { "id": "q_293", "question": "In terms of total number of persons, how many were unemployed in India around 2012?", "optionA": "1 million", "optionB": "10 million", "optionC": "40 million", "optionD": "100 million", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "(Reference page 220)." }, { "id": "q_294", "question": "What was the target for the fiscal deficit in the 12th Plan?", "optionA": "5%", "optionB": "3 per cent", "optionC": "10%", "optionD": "1%", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Reducing the deficit is crucial for economic stability." }, { "id": "q_295", "question": "By 2014-15, the share of the service sector in India's GDP grew to?", "optionA": "17.4%", "optionB": "29.7%", "optionC": "52.9 per cent", "optionD": "80%", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Services now dominate the Indian economy." }, { "id": "q_296", "question": "Poverty is defined as the deprivation from ___ consumption requirements necessary to keep a person alive and active.", "optionA": "Maximum", "optionB": "Minimum", "optionC": "Average", "optionD": "Luxury", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Poverty is essentially the inability to meet basic survival needs." }, { "id": "q_297", "question": "What is 'Absolute Poverty'?", "optionA": "Comparing income with neighbors", "optionB": "Inability to obtain a minimum standard of consumption for bare existence", "optionC": "Living in a small house", "optionD": "Not having a car", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It refers to the absolute lack of basic necessities like food and shelter." }, { "id": "q_298", "question": "'Relative Poverty' is a measure of ___ in the society.", "optionA": "Population", "optionB": "Literacy", "optionC": "Inequality", "optionD": "Health", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It reflects how the consumption of one person falls behind another's in a society." }, { "id": "q_299", "question": "Which ratio is used to measure the number of persons living below the poverty line?", "optionA": "Literacy Ratio", "optionB": "Sex Ratio", "optionC": "Head Count Ratio (HCR)", "optionD": "Dependency Ratio", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "HCR is calculated by dividing the number of poor by the total population." }, { "id": "q_300", "question": "The Task Force (1979) defined the poverty line based on a daily calorie intake of ___ for rural areas?", "optionA": "2100 calories", "optionB": "2400 calories", "optionC": "1800 calories", "optionD": "3000 calories", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "People in rural areas need more calories due to heavy physical labor." }, { "id": "q_301", "question": "The poverty line daily calorie requirement for urban areas is?", "optionA": "2400", "optionB": "2100 calories", "optionC": "2000", "optionD": "2500", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Urban requirements are lower than rural requirements as per the 1979 Task Force." }, { "id": "q_302", "question": "According to the Suresh Tendulkar Methodology, the poverty line for urban areas in 2011-12 was fixed at?", "optionA": "Rs. 816 per month", "optionB": "Rs. 1000 per month", "optionC": "Rs. 500", "optionD": "Rs. 2000", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This was the monthly per capita expenditure limit set for urban dwellers." }, { "id": "q_303", "question": "What was the rural poverty line per month in 2011-12 as per the Tendulkar methodology?", "optionA": "Rs. 1000", "optionB": "Rs. 816", "optionC": "Rs. 672", "optionD": "Rs. 447", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The cost of living is generally lower in rural areas, hence a lower monetary threshold." }, { "id": "q_304", "question": "In absolute terms, the number of poor in India declined from 407.6 million in 2004-05 to ___ in 2011-12?", "optionA": "100 million", "optionB": "200.5 million", "optionC": "269.8 million", "optionD": "354.7 million", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "There was a 14 per cent reduction in the number of poor people during this period." }, { "id": "q_305", "question": "Which of the following is a major cause of poverty in India?", "optionA": "Slow rate of economic growth", "optionB": "Rapid growth of population", "optionC": "Low productivity of agriculture", "optionD": "All of the above", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "Poverty is a result of multiple interlocking socio-economic factors." }, { "id": "q_306", "question": "'Neglect of small scale and cottage industries' leads to poverty because these industries are?", "optionA": "Capital-intensive", "optionB": "Labour-intensive", "optionC": "Technology-intensive", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Neglecting them reduces employment opportunities for the masses." }, { "id": "q_307", "question": "Between 1951 and 1969, the government relied primarily on ___ to alleviate poverty?", "optionA": "Free food", "optionB": "Fast economic growth (Trickle-down effect)", "optionC": "Direct cash transfer", "optionD": "Mandatory jobs", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Planners believed growth benefits would eventually reach the poor." }, { "id": "q_308", "question": "The 'Hill Area Development Agency' (HADA) was launched in?", "optionA": "1950", "optionB": "1960", "optionC": "1972", "optionD": "1991", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "It aimed to reduce regional imbalances in hilly regions like Jammu & Kashmir." }, { "id": "q_309", "question": "Which scheme was formed in 1999 by merging IRDP, TRYSEM, DWCRA, SITRA, GKY, and MWS?", "optionA": "MGNREGS", "optionB": "PMRY", "optionC": "Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)", "optionD": "SSA", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "SGSY was an integrated self-employment programme." }, { "id": "q_310", "question": "What are the beneficiaries under the SGSY programme called?", "optionA": "Workers", "optionB": "Swarozgaris", "optionC": "Trainees", "optionD": "Employees", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "They are members of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) aiming for self-employment." }, { "id": "q_311", "question": "The Grama Sabha is responsible for selecting BPL households for which scheme?", "optionA": "Niti Aayog", "optionB": "SGSY", "optionC": "SEBI", "optionD": "RBI", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Local participation is key to identifying the true poor." }, { "id": "q_312", "question": "PMRY (Prime Minister's Rozgar Yojana) specifically targets?", "optionA": "Farmers", "optionB": "Educated unemployed youth", "optionC": "Children", "optionD": "Elderly people", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It provides financial assistance to help educated youth start micro-enterprises." }, { "id": "q_313", "question": "The 'Food for Work Programme' (FWP) was originally launched in?", "optionA": "1950", "optionB": "1977", "optionC": "1991", "optionD": "2005", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Its objective was to provide employment while improving nutrition." }, { "id": "q_314", "question": "Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP) aimed to provide how many man-days of work per year?", "optionA": "50", "optionB": "100 man-days", "optionC": "200", "optionD": "365", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It targeted at least one person in each landless household." }, { "id": "q_315", "question": "MGNREGS was launched in 2006 to provide at least ___ days of guaranteed wage employment?", "optionA": "50", "optionB": "100 days", "optionC": "150", "optionD": "200", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is a rights-based framework for rural employment." }, { "id": "q_316", "question": "A person is considered 'unemployed' if they are in the productive age group of?", "optionA": "0 to 14 years", "optionB": "15 to 59 years", "optionC": "Above 60 years", "optionD": "All ages", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This age group constitutes the active labour force." }, { "id": "q_317", "question": "Unemployment refers to a situation where a person is willing and able to work but?", "optionA": "Doesn't want to work", "optionB": "Fails to secure gainful employment", "optionC": "Wants to sleep", "optionD": "Is too rich", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Involuntary unemployment is the concern of economics." }, { "id": "q_318", "question": "'Cyclical Unemployment' is mostly found in?", "optionA": "Developing countries", "optionB": "Developed countries", "optionC": "Only in India", "optionD": "Only in villages", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is caused by the downward phase of the business cycle." }, { "id": "q_319", "question": "What type of unemployment is found when more workers are engaged in a task than required?", "optionA": "Seasonal", "optionB": "Structural", "optionC": "Disguised unemployment", "optionD": "Open", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Also called 'hidden' unemployment, common in Indian agriculture." }, { "id": "q_320", "question": "'Seasonal Unemployment' in India is most common in?", "optionA": "Information Technology", "optionB": "Banking", "optionC": "Agriculture", "optionD": "Railways", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Farmers remain idle during months when there is no sowing or harvesting." }, { "id": "q_321", "question": "Educated unemployment is primarily a\/an ___ problem in India.", "optionA": "Rural", "optionB": "Urban", "optionC": "Foreign", "optionD": "Non-existent", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It affects general graduates in cities due to a lack of professional jobs." }, { "id": "q_322", "question": "'Underemployment' occurs when a worker?", "optionA": "Is too busy", "optionB": "Does a work that is inferior to their qualification", "optionC": "Works 24 hours", "optionD": "Earns too much", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "For example, an engineer working as a salesman." }, { "id": "q_323", "question": "According to Raj Krishna's criteria, a person is 'severely underemployed' if they work ___ per week?", "optionA": "70 hours", "optionB": "42 hours", "optionC": "28 hours or less", "optionD": "10 hours", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "This is based on the 'time criterion' of employment." }, { "id": "q_324", "question": "What was the total number of unemployed in India according to the text in 2012?", "optionA": "10 million", "optionB": "23.3 million", "optionC": "40 million", "optionD": "100 million", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "This reflects a massive backlog of job seekers." }, { "id": "q_325", "question": "Which organization develops concepts like 'Usual Status' and 'Current Daily Status' for unemployment?", "optionA": "RBI", "optionB": "SEBI", "optionC": "NSSO", "optionD": "LIC", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "National Sample Survey Organisation provides the official data." }, { "id": "q_326", "question": "A major cause of the 'Large Supply of Labour Force' in India is?", "optionA": "Low birth rate", "optionB": "Fast growing population", "optionC": "High literacy", "optionD": "Use of robots", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Population growth outpaces job creation." }, { "id": "q_327", "question": "Inappropriate Educational System in India lacks?", "optionA": "Books", "optionB": "Students", "optionC": "Manpower planning and technical training", "optionD": "Buildings", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "The system produces graduates who are not always employable." }, { "id": "q_328", "question": "Which of the following is a measure to solve the unemployment problem?", "optionA": "Population Control", "optionB": "Revamping Education System", "optionC": "Stimulating Economic Growth", "optionD": "All of the above", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "A multi-pronged approach is required." }, { "id": "q_329", "question": "Tackling 'Seasonal Unemployment' can be done by providing incentives for?", "optionA": "Sleeping", "optionB": "Poultry, horticulture, and dairy farming", "optionC": "Only growing rice", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Diversifying rural activities keeps people employed year-round." }, { "id": "q_330", "question": "The use of 'Appropriate Technology' suggests using ___ technology in a labour-abundant country like India?", "optionA": "Capital-intensive", "optionB": "Labour-intensive", "optionC": "Robotic only", "optionD": "No technology", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Using more labor creates more jobs." }, { "id": "q_331", "question": "Inflation can be defined as a state of sustained and rapid rise in?", "optionA": "GDP", "optionB": "Price level", "optionC": "Literacy", "optionD": "Population", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is the continuous increase in the cost of goods and services." }, { "id": "q_332", "question": "If the annual growth rate of prices is 25% over 5 years, the average annual inflation rate is?", "optionA": "25%", "optionB": "10%", "optionC": "5 per cent", "optionD": "1%", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Calculated by dividing the total rise by the period." }, { "id": "q_333", "question": "Which index measures changes in the average retail prices paid by consumers?", "optionA": "WPI", "optionB": "GDP Deflator", "optionC": "Consumer Price Index (CPI)", "optionD": "Sensex", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Also known as the cost of living index." }, { "id": "q_334", "question": "During the First Five Year Plan (1951-56), the price level was?", "optionA": "Very high", "optionB": "Stable", "optionC": "Negative", "optionD": "Doubled", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The first plan was a rare period of price stability." }, { "id": "q_335", "question": "The Wholesale Price Index (WPI) rose at an annual average rate of ___ between 1981 and 1991?", "optionA": "2%", "optionB": "5%", "optionC": "6.9 per cent", "optionD": "15%", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "This period saw mounting inflationary pressure." }, { "id": "q_336", "question": "In 1990-91, the inflation rate measured by WPI was?", "optionA": "5%", "optionB": "10.3 per cent", "optionC": "2%", "optionD": "20%", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This high rate contributed to the economic crisis of 1991." }, { "id": "q_337", "question": "A 'comfortable level' of inflation according to RBI is within the range of?", "optionA": "0 to 2%", "optionB": "4 to 5 per cent", "optionC": "10 to 15%", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Mild inflation is seen as stimulating for growth." }, { "id": "q_338", "question": "'Demand-pull' factors causing inflation include?", "optionA": "High taxes", "optionB": "Mounting government expenditure", "optionC": "Low wages", "optionD": "Good crops", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "High government spending puts more money in people's hands, raising demand." }, { "id": "q_339", "question": "'Black Money' leads to a rise in price levels because it is often used for?", "optionA": "Saving", "optionB": "Hoarding and black marketing", "optionC": "Donating to charity", "optionD": "Paying taxes", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Unaccounted money fuels artificial demand and supply shortages." }, { "id": "q_340", "question": "Which 'Cost-push' factor was responsible for high inflation in 2009-10?", "optionA": "High literacy", "optionB": "Rise in prices of vegetables and fruits", "optionC": "Decrease in wages", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Low supply of essential food items drives prices up." }, { "id": "q_341", "question": "Inflation makes the ___ richer and the ___ poorer?", "optionA": "Poor, Rich", "optionB": "Rich, Poor", "optionC": "Farmers, Bankers", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It increases the gap of inequality in society." }, { "id": "q_342", "question": "The 'Weakening of Rupee' means the value of the rupee in terms of US dollar is?", "optionA": "Rising", "optionB": "Falling", "optionC": "Constant", "optionD": "Zero", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "High inflation reduces the purchasing power of the currency." }, { "id": "q_343", "question": "'Repo Rate' is the rate at which?", "optionA": "People borrow from banks", "optionB": "RBI lends to commercial banks", "optionC": "Banks lend to each other", "optionD": "Government collects tax", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Raising the repo rate is a tool to control inflation." }, { "id": "q_344", "question": "What is the 'Cash Reserve Ratio' (CRR)?", "optionA": "Money in the pocket", "optionB": "Fraction of total deposits commercial banks park with RBI", "optionC": "Total gold with government", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Increasing CRR reduces the lending capacity of banks to control demand." }, { "id": "q_345", "question": "'Statutory Liquidity Ratio' (SLR) involves commercial banks maintaining assets in?", "optionA": "Cash only", "optionB": "Government securities and gold", "optionC": "Foreign currency", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This is a quantitative credit control measure by RBI." }, { "id": "q_346", "question": "What is the 'Reverse Repo Rate'?", "optionA": "Rate at which RBI lends to banks", "optionB": "Rate at which RBI borrows or accepts deposits from commercial banks", "optionC": "Tax rate", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Increasing this rate encourages banks to park more funds with the RBI, reducing money supply." }, { "id": "q_347", "question": "Inflation leads to a 'fall in real consumption' because?", "optionA": "People have more money", "optionB": "Money value decreases and prices rise", "optionC": "Goods are not available", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "High prices reduce the quantity of goods a fixed income can buy." }, { "id": "q_348", "question": "What is the effect of inflation on exports?", "optionA": "Increases exports", "optionB": "Makes exports less competitive and reduces them", "optionC": "No effect", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Rising domestic prices make Indian goods expensive for foreign buyers." }, { "id": "q_349", "question": "A 'Fiscal Measure' to control inflation involves?", "optionA": "Raising interest rates", "optionB": "Increasing tax revenue and reducing wasteful expenditure", "optionC": "Printing more money", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Reducing the budget deficit helps lower the total demand in the economy." }, { "id": "q_350", "question": "Which organization's report (2010) highlighted that inflation kept 19.4 million people in poverty in Asia?", "optionA": "World Bank", "optionB": "United Nations (UNESCAP)", "optionC": "IMF", "optionD": "WTO", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "High food prices hit the poorest sections of society the hardest." }, { "id": "q_351", "question": "The term 'Sustainable Development' was popularized by which report in 1987?", "optionA": "Niti Aayog Report", "optionB": "Brundtland Report (Our Common Future)", "optionC": "Census Report", "optionD": "RBI Bulletin", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It defined development that meets present needs without compromising future generations." }, { "id": "q_352", "question": "What is the core condition for sustainable development regarding natural resources?", "optionA": "Exhaust them quickly", "optionB": "Existing stock of natural resources should at least be maintained", "optionC": "Only use coal", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Future generations must inherit a combined capital stock (man-made and natural) equal to the current one." }, { "id": "q_353", "question": "According to the Brundtland Report, development is a strategy that manages all assets, except?", "optionA": "Natural resources", "optionB": "Human resources", "optionC": "Financial assets", "optionD": "Space exploration", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "It focuses on natural, human, and physical assets for long-term wellbeing." }, { "id": "q_354", "question": "When total benefit (B) minus total cost (C) is maximum, the stock of natural capital is said to be?", "optionA": "Low", "optionB": "Optimal", "optionC": "Zero", "optionD": "Wasteful", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This represents the ideal balance for environmental and economic health." }, { "id": "q_355", "question": "Which of the following is an 'Indicator' of Sustainable Development used by the CSD?", "optionA": "Infant mortality rate", "optionB": "Emission of green house gases", "optionC": "Adult literacy rate", "optionD": "All of the above", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "The Commission on Sustainable Development uses a broad range of socio-economic and environmental markers." }, { "id": "q_356", "question": "What is considered a 'cost' of economic development in the context of the environment?", "optionA": "Higher GDP", "optionB": "Depletion of resources and land pollution", "optionC": "More schools", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Rapid industrialization often leads to environmental damage." }, { "id": "q_357", "question": "Global warming is the rising average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans since?", "optionA": "1991", "optionB": "The late 19th century", "optionC": "1947", "optionD": "2011", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The rise is mainly due to the concentration of greenhouse gases." }, { "id": "q_358", "question": "Which gas is the chief constituent (>90%) of volcanic gases but also a major greenhouse gas?", "optionA": "Oxygen", "optionB": "Water vapour", "optionC": "Nitrogen", "optionD": "Argon", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Water vapour, along with CO2 and Methane, traps heat in the atmosphere." }, { "id": "q_359", "question": "Methane (CH4) is produced in high quantities in which type of agricultural fields?", "optionA": "Wheat fields", "optionB": "Paddy (Rice) fields and marshy land", "optionC": "Apple orchards", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Rotting organic matter in flooded fields releases methane." }, { "id": "q_360", "question": "Which process describes the 'trapping' of heat inside the atmosphere by certain gases?", "optionA": "Evaporation", "optionB": "Green house effect", "optionC": "Sublimation", "optionD": "Condensation", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "These gases act like the walls of a glass house." }, { "id": "q_361", "question": "As per the IPCC (1990), global sea level is predicted to rise by how much by 2098-2099?", "optionA": "10 meters", "optionB": "0.18 to 0.59 meter", "optionC": "5 meters", "optionD": "1 km", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This rise is a result of melting polar ice-caps." }, { "id": "q_362", "question": "What is a major negative effect of global warming on animals?", "optionA": "More food", "optionB": "Extinction of species and reduced diversity", "optionC": "Larger habitats", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Changes in temperature and sea levels destroy natural ecosystems." }, { "id": "q_363", "question": "Warmer seas could cause some species, like turtles, to?", "optionA": "Grow wings", "optionB": "Become entirely female", "optionC": "Stop eating", "optionD": "Migrate to mountains", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Water temperature affects the sex-ratio of hatchlings in certain reptiles." }, { "id": "q_364", "question": "Climate change is considered 'largely ___'?", "optionA": "Reversible", "optionB": "Irreversible", "optionC": "Temporary", "optionD": "Minor", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Once the global environment shifts, it is extremely difficult to return to its previous state." }, { "id": "q_365", "question": "Which human factor contributes to climate change?", "optionA": "Burning of fossil fuels", "optionB": "Deforestation", "optionC": "Industrial activities", "optionD": "All of the above", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "These actions increase greenhouse gas concentrations." }, { "id": "q_366", "question": "What is the international level of per capita consumption expenditure for defining the poverty line?", "optionA": "1 US dollar", "optionB": "2 US dollar", "optionC": "1.5 US dollar", "optionD": "1.25 US dollar", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "This is a standard measure used by global organizations." }, { "id": "q_367", "question": "In 1979, the Task Force fixed the poverty line at Rs. 49.09 for which area?", "optionA": "Urban", "optionB": "Rural", "optionC": "International", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Based on 1973-74 prices for the rural population." }, { "id": "q_368", "question": "The per day per capita expenditure requirement for rural areas in 2009-10 (Tendulkar methodology) was?", "optionA": "Rs. 14.80", "optionB": "Rs. 22.40", "optionC": "Rs. 37.2", "optionD": "Rs. 41.8", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This translates to the monthly figure of Rs. 672." }, { "id": "q_369", "question": "Which of the following is NOT a wage employment programme?", "optionA": "MGNREGS", "optionB": "SGRY", "optionC": "JRY", "optionD": "PMRY", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "Prime Minister's Rozgar Yojana (PMRY) is a self-employment scheme for educated youth." }, { "id": "q_370", "question": "The Head Count Ratio (HCR) is calculated as?", "optionA": "Total population \/ Number of poor", "optionB": "Number of persons living below poverty line \/ Total population", "optionC": "Income \/ 100", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is expressed as a percentage of the total population." }, { "id": "q_371", "question": "Which scheme was merged with MGNREGS in 2008?", "optionA": "IRDP", "optionB": "TRYSEM", "optionC": "SGRY", "optionD": "MWS", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Sampoorna Gramin Rojgar Yojana was merged into the larger rural employment guarantee scheme." }, { "id": "q_372", "question": "What is the nature of unemployment in developed countries?", "optionA": "Disguised", "optionB": "Structural", "optionC": "Cyclical", "optionD": "Permanent", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "It fluctuates based on the business cycles of the market." }, { "id": "q_373", "question": "Which of the following is the main cause of unemployment in India?", "optionA": "Lack of manpower planning", "optionB": "Inappropriate technology", "optionC": "Slow economic growth", "optionD": "All of the above", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "These are structural and systemic issues in the Indian economy." }, { "id": "q_374", "question": "Which of the following is a self-employment programme?", "optionA": "JRY", "optionB": "SGRY", "optionC": "SGSY", "optionD": "MGNREGS", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana focuses on creating self-run SHGs." }, { "id": "q_375", "question": "Disguised unemployment refers to a situation where marginal productivity of labour is?", "optionA": "Very high", "optionB": "Increasing", "optionC": "Zero or near zero", "optionD": "100", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Adding more workers does not increase total output." }, { "id": "q_376", "question": "According to the 2011 census, about ___ per cent of Indian women are illiterate?", "optionA": "26%", "optionB": "35 per cent", "optionC": "50%", "optionD": "10%", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This contributes to high birth rates and poverty." }, { "id": "q_377", "question": "In which year was the 'National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme' renamed with Mahatma Gandhi's name?", "optionA": "2006", "optionB": "2008", "optionC": "2009", "optionD": "2011", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "It became MGNREGS (later MGNREGA)." }, { "id": "q_378", "question": "Which level of annual inflation is considered 'comfortable' by RBI?", "optionA": "1%", "optionB": "2%", "optionC": "4 to 5 per cent", "optionD": "10%", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "This range is considered healthy for a growing economy." }, { "id": "q_379", "question": "Which of the following is NOT a monetary measure for control of inflation?", "optionA": "Repo rate", "optionB": "CRR", "optionC": "Government expenditure", "optionD": "Reverse repo rate", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Government expenditure is a 'Fiscal' tool, not a monetary one." }, { "id": "q_380", "question": "Which of the following is a fiscal tool?", "optionA": "Taxation", "optionB": "SLR", "optionC": "Repo rate", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "Taxes are used by the government to reduce the disposable income of people." }, { "id": "q_381", "question": "The major contributor to overall inflation in India is often?", "optionA": "Fuel inflation", "optionB": "Food inflation", "optionC": "Manufacturing inflation", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Rise in prices of essential food items drives the general price index." }, { "id": "q_382", "question": "Unaccounted money in the hands of tax evaders and builders is called?", "optionA": "White money", "optionB": "Black money", "optionC": "Blue money", "optionD": "Credit", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This 'parallel economy' fuels inflationary pressure." }, { "id": "q_383", "question": "In which year did the term 'sustainable development' come into prominence?", "optionA": "1985", "optionB": "1987", "optionC": "1990", "optionD": "1980", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Following the publication of the Brundtland Report." }, { "id": "q_384", "question": "What was the extent of increase in Earth's average temperature during 1906-2005?", "optionA": "0.5° C", "optionB": "0.74 ± 0.18° C", "optionC": "1.5° C", "optionD": "2° C", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This data is provided by the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC." }, { "id": "q_385", "question": "Rising temperature of Earth's atmosphere mainly due to greenhouse gases is called?", "optionA": "Global warming", "optionB": "Acid rain", "optionC": "Photosynthesis", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "It is the primary cause of modern climate change." }, { "id": "q_386", "question": "'Our Common Future' is also known as the?", "optionA": "Planning Report", "optionB": "Brundtland Report", "optionC": "Niti Aayog Vision", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is the most famous document on sustainability." }, { "id": "q_387", "question": "Poverty line is fixed by the Indian Planning Commission on the basis of?", "optionA": "Height", "optionB": "Per capita income\/expenditure", "optionC": "Weight", "optionD": "Age", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is based on the ability to buy a minimum consumption basket." }, { "id": "q_388", "question": "SGSY is an example of an ___ development programme?", "optionA": "Urban", "optionB": "Area", "optionC": "Foreign", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It focuses on rural area development through self-employment." }, { "id": "q_389", "question": "Is the birth rate in India showing a rising trend?", "optionA": "Yes", "optionB": "No", "optionC": "It is stable", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The birth rate is slowly falling, though still higher than the death rate." }, { "id": "q_390", "question": "Is the death rate in India showing a rising trend?", "optionA": "Yes", "optionB": "No", "optionC": "It is stable", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The death rate has fallen rapidly due to medical advancement." }, { "id": "q_391", "question": "The 1921 census is known as the year of?", "optionA": "Population Explosion", "optionB": "Great Divide", "optionC": "Independence", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It marked the shift from erratic to consistent population growth." }, { "id": "q_392", "question": "The 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12) was launched with an outlay of?", "optionA": "Rs. 5 lakh", "optionB": "Rs. 1.960 cr", "optionC": "Rs. 36,44,718 crore", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "This was a massive increase in developmental funding." }, { "id": "q_393", "question": "India's rank in Human Development Index (2014) was?", "optionA": "91", "optionB": "79", "optionC": "135", "optionD": "118", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "India was 135th among 187 countries." }, { "id": "q_394", "question": "A situation where elements of development do not decrease over time is?", "optionA": "Stagnation", "optionB": "Sustainable development", "optionC": "Inflation", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It implies growth that is durable and long-lasting." }, { "id": "q_395", "question": "The most important cause of global warming mentioned in causes is?", "optionA": "Greenhouse gas concentration", "optionB": "Volcanic eruptions", "optionC": "Solar luminosity", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "More than 90% of scientists agree on this cause." }, { "id": "q_396", "question": "Are natural calamities included in any component of time series?", "optionA": "Yes", "optionB": "No", "optionC": "Only in Odisha", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "(Note: This refers to the Statistics section which we will cover next)." }, { "id": "q_397", "question": "The word 'Statistics' is derived from the Latin word?", "optionA": "Statista", "optionB": "Statistik", "optionC": "Status", "optionD": "Static", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "'Status' in Latin means a political state." }, { "id": "q_398", "question": "In the Italian language, the word for Statistics is?", "optionA": "Status", "optionB": "Statista", "optionC": "Statistik", "optionD": "Statics", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Historically, statistics was used for the administrative needs of the state." }, { "id": "q_399", "question": "Who observed that \"Statistical thinking will one day be as necessary for efficient citizenship as the ability to read and write\"?", "optionA": "Adam Smith", "optionB": "H.G. Wells", "optionC": "Marshall", "optionD": "Bowley", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This highlights the importance of statistics in modern life." }, { "id": "q_400", "question": "In which sense does 'Statistics' refer to numerical information or statistical data?", "optionA": "Singular sense", "optionB": "Plural sense", "optionC": "Both", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "In the plural sense, it refers to the actual data collected." }, { "id": "q_401", "question": "Who defined statistics as \"the science of counting\"?", "optionA": "Horace Secrist", "optionB": "A.L. Bowley", "optionC": "Boddington", "optionD": "Yule", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Bowley emphasized the counting and mathematical aspect of the subject." }, { "id": "q_402", "question": "In the 'Singular Sense', Statistics refers to?", "optionA": "Data", "optionB": "Statistical methods", "optionC": "Population", "optionD": "People", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It refers to the techniques of collection, presentation, and analysis." }, { "id": "q_403", "question": "According to Horace Secrist, statistics are 'aggregates of ___'?", "optionA": "People", "optionB": "Facts", "optionC": "Numbers", "optionD": "Errors", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "A single or isolated figure is not considered statistics." }, { "id": "q_404", "question": "Which of the following is a characteristic of numerical data to be called statistics?", "optionA": "Affected by multiplicity of causes", "optionB": "Numerically expressed", "optionC": "Collected in a systematic manner", "optionD": "All of the above", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "Data must meet several criteria to be scientifically valid as statistics." }, { "id": "q_405", "question": "\"Statistics are like clay from which you can make a God or a Devil as you please\" was said by?", "optionA": "Marshall", "optionB": "W.I. King", "optionC": "H.G. Wells", "optionD": "Bernoulli", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This refers to the potential for both use and misuse of statistics." }, { "id": "q_406", "question": "The basic objective of statistics is to ___ the complexity of information?", "optionA": "Increase", "optionB": "Simplify", "optionC": "Ignore", "optionD": "Hide", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It makes large masses of data intelligible and easy to understand." }, { "id": "q_407", "question": "Which function of statistics helps in predicting the future values of a variable?", "optionA": "Comparison", "optionB": "Forecasting", "optionC": "Classification", "optionD": "Tabulation", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "For example, planners can forecast future population based on past data." }, { "id": "q_408", "question": "Statistics acts as a 'Barometer' for?", "optionA": "Weather", "optionB": "Medicine", "optionC": "Economics", "optionD": "Sports", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "It measures the growth and fluctuations in the economy." }, { "id": "q_409", "question": "Who stated that \"Statistics are the straws out of which Economists have to make bricks\"?", "optionA": "H.G. Wells", "optionB": "Marshall", "optionC": "Adam Smith", "optionD": "Keynes", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This shows that economic theories are built upon statistical facts." }, { "id": "q_410", "question": "Statistics is indispensable in 'Administration' for collecting data on?", "optionA": "Manpower", "optionB": "Crimes", "optionC": "Income", "optionD": "All of the above", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "It helps the government in formulating various administrative policies." }, { "id": "q_411", "question": "Statistics does NOT study ___ phenomena?", "optionA": "Quantitative", "optionB": "Qualitative", "optionC": "Numerical", "optionD": "Aggregated", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Qualities like beauty, honesty, and intelligence cannot be measured numerically." }, { "id": "q_412", "question": "\"Statistical laws are not exact.\" This means they hold true only?", "optionA": "For individuals", "optionB": "On average", "optionC": "In the morning", "optionD": "Never", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "They are based on approximations and probabilities." }, { "id": "q_413", "question": "Statistics deals with 'aggregates', meaning it does not study?", "optionA": "Groups", "optionB": "Individuals", "optionC": "Countries", "optionD": "Cities", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "A single mark of a student is not statistics; the average marks of a class is." }, { "id": "q_414", "question": "'Distrust of Statistics' means?", "optionA": "Statistics is a fake science", "optionB": "Lack of trust in statistical data due to potential manipulation", "optionC": "Numbers are always wrong", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Because figures can be manipulated to suit one's wishes." }, { "id": "q_415", "question": "What are the \"three types of lies\" mentioned in the text?", "optionA": "Small, Big, Huge", "optionB": "Lies, Damned Lies, and Statistics", "optionC": "White, Black, Grey", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This is a famous quote illustrating how statistics can be misused." }, { "id": "q_416", "question": "Data collected by the investigator for the first time from the source is?", "optionA": "Secondary Data", "optionB": "Primary Data", "optionC": "Internal Data", "optionD": "Published Data", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is original in nature and like raw material." }, { "id": "q_417", "question": "Data which have already been collected and processed by some other agency is?", "optionA": "Primary Data", "optionB": "Secondary Data", "optionC": "Internal Data", "optionD": "Raw Data", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "For example, data taken from a government report or a newspaper." }, { "id": "q_418", "question": "Which type of data is more expensive and time-consuming to collect?", "optionA": "Secondary", "optionB": "Primary", "optionC": "Internal", "optionD": "External", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Since it involves direct field studies and new investigations." }, { "id": "q_419", "question": "Information collected from within an organization (like sales or wages) is called?", "optionA": "External source", "optionB": "Internal source", "optionC": "Primary source", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It comes from the basic records of the institution itself." }, { "id": "q_420", "question": "The person who conducts the statistical enquiry is called the?", "optionA": "Informant", "optionB": "Respondent", "optionC": "Investigator", "optionD": "Local agent", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "The investigator plans and supervises the collection process." }, { "id": "q_421", "question": "The person who provides the information is known as the?", "optionA": "Investigator", "optionB": "Enumerator", "optionC": "Respondent or Informant", "optionD": "Scientist", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "They answer the questions or provide the required data." }, { "id": "q_422", "question": "In which method does the investigator personally contact the informants?", "optionA": "Indirect Oral Interview", "optionB": "Mailed Questionnaire", "optionC": "Direct Personal Observation", "optionD": "Local Agents", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "This method provides the most accurate and original information." }, { "id": "q_423", "question": "Which method is best when the field of investigation is very large and informants are educated?", "optionA": "Direct Observation", "optionB": "Mailed Questionnaire Method", "optionC": "Oral Interview", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is economical but depends on the cooperation of informants." }, { "id": "q_424", "question": "In the 'Schedule Method', who fills out the forms?", "optionA": "The Informant", "optionB": "The Enumerator", "optionC": "The Government", "optionD": "The Postman", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Enumerators are trained people who go to the informants and record their answers." }, { "id": "q_425", "question": "Which method is applied to apprehend culprits in cases like theft or murder?", "optionA": "Mailed Questionnaire", "optionB": "Indirect Oral Interviews", "optionC": "Direct Observation", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Information is collected from witnesses or people related to the problem." }, { "id": "q_426", "question": "Local agents or correspondents are generally employed by?", "optionA": "Doctors", "optionB": "Teachers", "optionC": "Government agencies and Newspapers", "optionD": "Small shops", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "They provide regular and continuous information from a specific area." }, { "id": "q_427", "question": "The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Bulletin is an example of?", "optionA": "Primary Data", "optionB": "Official Publication (Secondary Data)", "optionC": "Private Data", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is a published report by a government authority." }, { "id": "q_428", "question": "Publications of the UNO, WHO, and IMF are classified as?", "optionA": "Semi-government", "optionB": "International", "optionC": "Private", "optionD": "Primary", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "These are reliable global sources of secondary data." }, { "id": "q_429", "question": "Scrutiny of secondary data is essential because?", "optionA": "It is always wrong", "optionB": "It may be inaccurate or unsuitable for the specific purpose", "optionC": "It is too expensive", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "One must check if the data is reliable and fits the current research." }, { "id": "q_430", "question": "The National Sample Survey (NSS) was started in India in which year?", "optionA": "1947", "optionB": "1950", "optionC": "1951", "optionD": "1991", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It was established as a multipurpose continuing survey." }, { "id": "q_431", "question": "What is the full form of NSSO?", "optionA": "National Social Service Office", "optionB": "National Sample Survey Organisation", "optionC": "National Savings Scheme Office", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It operates under the Ministry of Planning." }, { "id": "q_432", "question": "The 'Census of India' is conducted every ___ years?", "optionA": "5", "optionB": "10 years", "optionC": "1", "optionD": "20", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is the principal source of population statistics in India." }, { "id": "q_433", "question": "The comprehensive census operation in India was first taken in?", "optionA": "1850", "optionB": "1872", "optionC": "1881", "optionD": "1901", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "The 1881 census was the first complete one." }, { "id": "q_434", "question": "The 'Registrar General of India' (RGI) works as the?", "optionA": "Governor", "optionB": "Ex-officio census commissioner", "optionC": "Finance Minister", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "RGI is responsible for conducting the population census." }, { "id": "q_435", "question": "The method where every unit of the 'universe' or 'population' is studied is?", "optionA": "Sampling Method", "optionB": "Census Method", "optionC": "Indirect Method", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It provides the most accurate and detailed information." }, { "id": "q_436", "question": "A finite subset of the universe selected for study is called a?", "optionA": "Total", "optionB": "Sample", "optionC": "Parameter", "optionD": "Constant", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "A sample is used to draw inferences about the whole population." }, { "id": "q_437", "question": "Which method is used when a doctor examines a few drops of blood?", "optionA": "Census", "optionB": "Sampling Method", "optionC": "Direct Observation", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Examining all the blood (census) is not possible\/safe." }, { "id": "q_438", "question": "According to the law of 'Inertia of Large Numbers', accuracy is usually higher in?", "optionA": "Small samples", "optionB": "Census method", "optionC": "Small groups", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Census is more accurate because it covers every single unit." }, { "id": "q_439", "question": "Sampling is considered 'Scientific' because it is based on the principle of?", "optionA": "Luck", "optionB": "Statistical Regularity", "optionC": "Chaos", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Large random samples tend to represent the characteristics of the population." }, { "id": "q_440", "question": "Which method is 'economical' in terms of money, time, and effort?", "optionA": "Census", "optionB": "Sampling", "optionC": "Direct Observation", "optionD": "Schedule Method", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Investigating fewer units reduces resources required." }, { "id": "q_441", "question": "The 'Universe' in statistics means?", "optionA": "The stars", "optionB": "The aggregate of all items under study", "optionC": "Only people", "optionD": "Only India", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It refers to the total population of items being researched." }, { "id": "q_442", "question": "Information collected through field studies is always?", "optionA": "Primary", "optionB": "Secondary", "optionC": "Internal", "optionD": "Published", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "It is gathered directly from the source." }, { "id": "q_443", "question": "What is the last step in a statistical enquiry?", "optionA": "Collection", "optionB": "Analysis", "optionC": "Interpretation of Data", "optionD": "Presentation", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "This is where conclusions are examined and drawn." }, { "id": "q_444", "question": "Which method is NOT suitable for large investigations?", "optionA": "Sampling", "optionB": "Direct Personal Investigation", "optionC": "Mailed Questionnaire", "optionD": "Schedule Method", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is difficult for one person to cover a very wide area personally." }, { "id": "q_445", "question": "Errors in counting or measurement are likely to take place when the field of enquiry is?", "optionA": "Small", "optionB": "Vast or indefinite", "optionC": "Understood", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Managing a huge volume of data increases the risk of manual errors." }, { "id": "q_446", "question": "Which organization publishes 'Survekshna', a quarterly bulletin?", "optionA": "RBI", "optionB": "NSSO", "optionC": "CSO", "optionD": "SEBI", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It contains the results of the various survey rounds." }, { "id": "q_447", "question": "Which method is preferred when the population is infinite or hypothetical?", "optionA": "Census", "optionB": "Sampling", "optionC": "Indirect Observation", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is impossible to count every unit of an infinite population, so sampling is the only way." }, { "id": "q_448", "question": "The 'Administrative convenience' of the sampling method is due to?", "optionA": "Requiring more people", "optionB": "Requiring fewer investigators and easier organization", "optionC": "Being more expensive", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Managing a small group of trained staff is easier than managing a massive census team." }, { "id": "q_449", "question": "What is a major demerit of the sampling method?", "optionA": "It is too fast", "optionB": "If the sample is not representative, it gives wrong results", "optionC": "It uses too little paper", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The reliability depends entirely on how well the sample represents the whole group." }, { "id": "q_450", "question": "'Sampling Error' refers to the difference between?", "optionA": "Two different investigators", "optionB": "The sample value and the true population value", "optionC": "Two different cities", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This error is inherent in any sampling process." }, { "id": "q_451", "question": "Which method allows for 'Detailed Information' to be collected through intensive enquiries?", "optionA": "Census", "optionB": "Sampling", "optionC": "Both", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Since fewer units are studied, the investigator can spend more time on each." }, { "id": "q_452", "question": "'Non-sampling errors' are more likely to occur in which method?", "optionA": "Sampling", "optionB": "Census", "optionC": "Both", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Due to the massive volume of data handled in a census, manual errors in recording are higher." }, { "id": "q_453", "question": "Which method is recommended when the population is 'Small and Finite'?", "optionA": "Sampling", "optionB": "Census", "optionC": "Indirect Method", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "If the group is small, it is better to study everyone for 100% accuracy." }, { "id": "q_454", "question": "Which primary data collection method is known for its 'Originality and Reliability'?", "optionA": "Mailed Questionnaire", "optionB": "Schedule Method", "optionC": "Direct Personal Observation", "optionD": "Secondary Data", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "The investigator is physically present to verify facts." }, { "id": "q_455", "question": "What is the biggest drawback of the 'Mailed Questionnaire' method?", "optionA": "It is expensive", "optionB": "High rate of non-response and lack of cooperation", "optionC": "It is very fast", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "People often ignore the questionnaires sent by mail." }, { "id": "q_456", "question": "Which method is best suited for covering 'Illiterate' informants?", "optionA": "Mailed Questionnaire", "optionB": "Schedule Method", "optionC": "Internet Survey", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Enumerators can explain questions to illiterate people and record their answers." }, { "id": "q_457", "question": "Secondary data is often called ___ data?", "optionA": "Raw", "optionB": "Second-hand", "optionC": "First-hand", "optionD": "Field", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It has already been collected and processed by others." }, { "id": "q_458", "question": "Which of the following is an 'Unpublished' source of secondary data?", "optionA": "RBI Bulletin", "optionB": "Records maintained by private firms or scholars", "optionC": "Census Report", "optionD": "UNO Yearbook", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "These are private records not meant for general public release." }, { "id": "q_459", "question": "The 'NSSO' conducts surveys in 'Rounds'. Each round usually lasts for?", "optionA": "1 month", "optionB": "3 to 6 months", "optionC": "10 years", "optionD": "1 day", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This allows for detailed data collection on specific subjects like employment or consumption." }, { "id": "q_460", "question": "Which organization is the largest repository of socio-economic data in India?", "optionA": "SEBI", "optionB": "LIC", "optionC": "National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO)", "optionD": "SBI", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "It provides the most comprehensive survey data for planners." }, { "id": "q_461", "question": "The 'Census Act' in India was passed in which year?", "optionA": "1947", "optionB": "1948", "optionC": "1951", "optionD": "1991", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This law makes it mandatory for citizens to provide information during a census." }, { "id": "q_462", "question": "Census of India provides data on which of the following?", "optionA": "Age structure", "optionB": "Literacy", "optionC": "Religious distribution", "optionD": "All of the above", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "It is a complete demographic profile of the nation." }, { "id": "q_463", "question": "Which of the following is a statistical statement of facts?", "optionA": "Weekly wages of 100 workers in a factory", "optionB": "Height of Hari is six feet", "optionC": "Mohan's weight is 70 kgs", "optionD": "None of the above", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "Statistics deals with aggregates (groups), not isolated individual facts." }, { "id": "q_464", "question": "Which of the following is a 'discrete variable'?", "optionA": "Yearly income of teachers", "optionB": "Temperature of a patient", "optionC": "Height of students", "optionD": "Number of share holders in a company", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "People (shareholders) can only be counted in whole numbers (1, 2, 3...)." }, { "id": "q_465", "question": "Who is known as the 'Father of Statistics'?", "optionA": "R.A. Fisher", "optionB": "Irving Fisher", "optionC": "Adam Smith", "optionD": "Horace Secrist", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "Sir Ronald A. Fisher developed the modern mathematical foundations of the subject." }, { "id": "q_466", "question": "In the case of an 'Array', data are arranged in?", "optionA": "Random order", "optionB": "Ascending or Descending order", "optionC": "Alphabetical order", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Systematic arrangement is the first step in tabulation." }, { "id": "q_467", "question": "Census method is suitable for investigation when?", "optionA": "Size of population is large", "optionB": "High degree of accuracy is required", "optionC": "Items are uniform", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "When every detail matters, census is the best choice." }, { "id": "q_468", "question": "Reliability of sampling data depends on?", "optionA": "Size of sample", "optionB": "Method of sampling", "optionC": "Training of enumerators", "optionD": "All of the above", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "All these factors contribute to the quality of the final result." }, { "id": "q_469", "question": "Statistics in the 'Plural Sense' refers to?", "optionA": "Statistical methods", "optionB": "Numerical data", "optionC": "Population", "optionD": "Investigators", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It means the actual figures or facts collected." }, { "id": "q_470", "question": "Statistics in the 'Singular Sense' refers to?", "optionA": "Data", "optionB": "Statistical science\/methods", "optionC": "Numbers", "optionD": "People", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It refers to the science of collecting and analyzing data." }, { "id": "q_471", "question": "___ is the first step in tabulation?", "optionA": "Analysis", "optionB": "Classification", "optionC": "Presentation", "optionD": "Conclusion", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Grouping data according to similarities must happen before putting it in a table." }, { "id": "q_472", "question": "In ancient times, statistics was considered as the?", "optionA": "Science of counting", "optionB": "Science of Statecraft", "optionC": "Science of Earth", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It was used by kings to track taxes and soldiers." }, { "id": "q_473", "question": "A 'Sample' is a part of the ___?", "optionA": "Book", "optionB": "Universe \/ Population", "optionC": "Country", "optionD": "Office", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It represents the whole group from which it is taken." }, { "id": "q_474", "question": "The statement \"Statistics refers to numerical statement of facts\" applies to which sense?", "optionA": "Singular", "optionB": "Plural", "optionC": "Both", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This is the definition for the plural sense." }, { "id": "q_475", "question": "The statement \"Statistics refers to the body of methods\" applies to which sense?", "optionA": "Plural", "optionB": "Singular", "optionC": "Both", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Methods = Singular sense." }, { "id": "q_476", "question": "Which method of enquiry is comparatively MORE expensive?", "optionA": "Sampling", "optionB": "Census", "optionC": "Indirect", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Covering every single unit requires more money and manpower." }, { "id": "q_477", "question": "What is the term for data collected for the first time?", "optionA": "Secondary", "optionB": "Primary", "optionC": "Internal", "optionD": "Published", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is original data gathered by the researcher." }, { "id": "q_478", "question": "A state of slow growth or no growth in national income is called?", "optionA": "Boom", "optionB": "Stagnation", "optionC": "Development", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "(Review from Ch 1) Stagnation is a key economic term." }, { "id": "q_479", "question": "The ratio of the number of unemployed people to the total population is?", "optionA": "Literacy rate", "optionB": "Proportion unemployed (PU)", "optionC": "Sex ratio", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is usually expressed per 1000 persons." }, { "id": "q_480", "question": "When an investigator uses data from a book, it is ___ data for him?", "optionA": "Primary", "optionB": "Secondary", "optionC": "Original", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Because he did not collect it from the field himself." }, { "id": "q_481", "question": "A 'Questionnaire' is a ___?", "optionA": "List of people", "optionB": "Set of questions relating to the problem of enquiry", "optionC": "Type of rock", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is the tool used to gather information from respondents." }, { "id": "q_482", "question": "The final step in a statistical enquiry is?", "optionA": "Collection", "optionB": "Analysis", "optionC": "Interpretation of Data", "optionD": "Presentation", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Drawing valid conclusions from the results." }, { "id": "q_483", "question": "'Statistical thinking' was described as necessary for citizenship by?", "optionA": "Marshall", "optionB": "H.G. Wells", "optionC": "Adam Smith", "optionD": "Keynes", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It emphasizes the need for data awareness in the modern world." }, { "id": "q_484", "question": "Which function of statistics helps in the 'Formulation of Policies'?", "optionA": "Presentation", "optionB": "Analysis", "optionC": "Both", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Governments use data to decide on taxes, welfare, and laws." }, { "id": "q_485", "question": "What is the 'major handicap' of statistics?", "optionA": "It uses math", "optionB": "It does not study individuals", "optionC": "It is printed in books", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It focuses on group averages, ignoring individual differences." }, { "id": "q_486", "question": "The 'multiplicity of causes' means a numerical fact is?", "optionA": "Simple", "optionB": "Affected by many factors simultaneously", "optionC": "False", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "For example, crop yield is affected by rain, soil, and seeds together." }, { "id": "q_487", "question": "What is 'Reasonable Accuracy' in statistics?", "optionA": "100% accuracy", "optionB": "Accuracy according to the nature and purpose of enquiry", "optionC": "Guessing", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Depending on the study, some margin of error is acceptable." }, { "id": "q_488", "question": "Which method is described as 'Unarranged data are as dead as mutton'?", "optionA": "Presentation", "optionB": "Interpretation", "optionC": "Collection of data", "optionD": "Organization of Data", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "Without organization, data has no meaning." }, { "id": "q_489", "question": "Statistical laws are based on?", "optionA": "Absolute truth", "optionB": "Approximations", "optionC": "Magic", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "They are generally true on average but not for every individual." }, { "id": "q_490", "question": "Which organization's data is used for 'Computation of National Income'?", "optionA": "NSSO", "optionB": "CSO", "optionC": "RBI", "optionD": "SEBI", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Central Statistical Organisation (CSO) handles the GDP data." }, { "id": "q_491", "question": "In 2011, the total population of India was approximately ___ crore?", "optionA": "102", "optionB": "112", "optionC": "121", "optionD": "150", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "As per the 2011 census." }, { "id": "q_492", "question": "A 'Unit' in a population is also called an?", "optionA": "Element", "optionB": "Investigator", "optionC": "Respondent", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "Each individual item is an element of the population." }, { "id": "q_493", "question": "If an investigator wants to study the quality of rice in a bag, he uses?", "optionA": "Census", "optionB": "Sampling", "optionC": "Indirect Interview", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "He checks a handful (sample) to judge the whole bag." }, { "id": "q_494", "question": "'Classification' is the ___ step in a statistical study?", "optionA": "First", "optionB": "Intermediate (after collection)", "optionC": "Last", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It happens after collection and before presentation." }, { "id": "q_495", "question": "Which sense of statistics is also called 'Statistical Science'?", "optionA": "Plural", "optionB": "Singular", "optionC": "Both", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Because it refers to the study of the scientific methods used." }, { "id": "q_496", "question": "Scrutiny of data is most important for?", "optionA": "Primary data", "optionB": "Secondary data", "optionC": "Internal data", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Since you didn't collect it, you must verify its quality." }, { "id": "q_497", "question": "What refers to the presentation of data in a condensed form so that it can be readily comprehended?", "optionA": "Collection", "optionB": "Organisation of data", "optionC": "Interpretation", "optionD": "Analysis", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Organisation simplifies voluminous data for further comparison and study." }, { "id": "q_498", "question": "Data collected in a statistical investigation which is unarranged and unwieldy is called?", "optionA": "Classified data", "optionB": "Raw data", "optionC": "Secondary data", "optionD": "Grouped data", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Raw data are like raw materials; they do not convey meaning until processed." }, { "id": "q_499", "question": "The systematic arrangement of raw data into different homogeneous classes according to resemblances is known as?", "optionA": "Tabulation", "optionB": "Classification", "optionC": "Presentation", "optionD": "Summarization", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Classification is the process of grouping data based on common characteristics." }, { "id": "q_500", "question": "How many types of data presentation are mentioned in the text?", "optionA": "One", "optionB": "Two", "optionC": "Three", "optionD": "Four", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Data can be presented via Tabular Presentation and Diagrammatic & Graphic Presentation." }, { "id": "q_501", "question": "A characteristic or phenomenon which is capable of being measured and changes its value over time is a?", "optionA": "Constant", "optionB": "Variable", "optionC": "Parameter", "optionD": "Sample", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Variables represent quantities like weight, income, or marks." }, { "id": "q_502", "question": "Which type of variable increases in jumps or complete numbers?", "optionA": "Continuous variable", "optionB": "Discrete variable", "optionC": "Qualitative variable", "optionD": "None of the above", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Discrete variables take only integral values (e.g., number of students)." }, { "id": "q_503", "question": "Which of the following is an example of a discrete variable?", "optionA": "Height of students", "optionB": "Rainfall in an area", "optionC": "Number of books in a library", "optionD": "Temperature", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Books are counted in whole numbers, while height can be in fractions." }, { "id": "q_504", "question": "Variables that can assume any value within an appropriate range, including fractions, are?", "optionA": "Discrete variables", "optionB": "Continuous variables", "optionC": "Constant variables", "optionD": "Integer variables", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Examples include weight (50.5 kg) or height (5.4 ft)." }, { "id": "q_505", "question": "How are continuous variables typically obtained?", "optionA": "By counting", "optionB": "By measurement", "optionC": "By guessing", "optionD": "By observation only", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Measurement (using scales) is required for continuous data." }, { "id": "q_506", "question": "What is a systematic arrangement of item values along with their respective frequencies?", "optionA": "Array", "optionB": "Frequency distribution", "optionC": "Census", "optionD": "Sample", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It shows how many times each value appears in the dataset." }, { "id": "q_507", "question": "The number of times an item occurs in a series is called its?", "optionA": "Magnitude", "optionB": "Frequency", "optionC": "Class", "optionD": "Limit", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "If the mark '10' appears 5 times, its frequency is 5." }, { "id": "q_508", "question": "Which are the two main components of a frequency distribution?", "optionA": "Variables and Frequency", "optionB": "Tables and Graphs", "optionC": "Mean and Median", "optionD": "Population and Sample", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "A frequency distribution relates a variable value to its occurrence count." }, { "id": "q_509", "question": "A frequency distribution where the frequency of each individual variable is shown separately is a?", "optionA": "Grouped distribution", "optionB": "Individual frequency distribution", "optionC": "Cumulative distribution", "optionD": "None of the above", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Each value is listed with its specific frequency." }, { "id": "q_510", "question": "What technique is used to count the number of times each value occurs in a discrete series?", "optionA": "Addition", "optionB": "Tally Bars", "optionC": "Multiplication", "optionD": "Division", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Tally bars (vertical lines) help in systematic counting." }, { "id": "q_511", "question": "In the tally bar system, after four occurrences, how is the fifth occurrence marked?", "optionA": "A fifth vertical bar", "optionB": "A cross line through the four bars", "optionC": "A circle", "optionD": "A dot", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "A cross line creates a block of 5 for easy counting." }, { "id": "q_512", "question": "When is 'Grouped Frequency Distribution' used?", "optionA": "When data is very small", "optionB": "When the number of observations is very large", "optionC": "Only for qualitative data", "optionD": "Never", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Grouping into classes makes large datasets easier to analyze." }, { "id": "q_513", "question": "The lowest and highest values that can be included in a class are called?", "optionA": "Class intervals", "optionB": "Class limits", "optionC": "Class frequency", "optionD": "Mid-values", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Each class has a lower limit (L1) and an upper limit (L2)." }, { "id": "q_514", "question": "The difference between the upper limit and the lower limit of a class is the?", "optionA": "Class frequency", "optionB": "Class interval (or width)", "optionC": "Mid-point", "optionD": "Range", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Interval (i) = U2 - L1." }, { "id": "q_515", "question": "What is the formula for the 'Mid-value' of a class?", "optionA": "(Upper limit - Lower limit) \/ 2", "optionB": "(Upper limit + Lower limit) \/ 2", "optionC": "Upper limit x Lower limit", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is the value half-way between the two limits." }, { "id": "q_516", "question": "If a class is 10-20, what is the mid-value?", "optionA": "10", "optionB": "15", "optionC": "20", "optionD": "5", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "(10 + 20) \/ 2 = 15." }, { "id": "q_517", "question": "Which rule is used to determine the appropriate number of classes (K)?", "optionA": "Marshall's rule", "optionB": "Sturges' rule", "optionC": "Fisher's rule", "optionD": "Newton's rule", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Sturges' rule provides a mathematical basis for choosing the number of classes." }, { "id": "q_518", "question": "What is the formula for Sturges' rule?", "optionA": "K = 1 + log N", "optionB": "K = 1 + 3.322 Log N", "optionC": "K = N \/ 10", "optionD": "K = 10 + N", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Where K is the number of classes and N is the total number of items." }, { "id": "q_519", "question": "What is the suggested simple magnitude for class intervals in the text?", "optionA": "Odd numbers like 3, 7, 11", "optionB": "Multiples of 5 (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20)", "optionC": "Any random number", "optionD": "Only prime numbers", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Multiples of 5 are preferred for simplicity and clarity." }, { "id": "q_520", "question": "What is the formula to find the magnitude of the class interval (i)?", "optionA": "(Highest value + Lowest value) \/ Number of classes", "optionB": "(Highest value - Lowest value) \/ Number of classes", "optionC": "Range x 10", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "i = (Max - Min) \/ K." }, { "id": "q_521", "question": "In which method does the upper limit of one class become the lower limit of the next class?", "optionA": "Inclusive method", "optionB": "Exclusive method", "optionC": "Open-end method", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "For example, 10-20, 20-30." }, { "id": "q_522", "question": "In the 'Exclusive Method', where is the value 20 included in classes 10-20 and 20-30?", "optionA": "In 10-20", "optionB": "In 20-30", "optionC": "In both", "optionD": "In neither", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The upper limit is excluded from the current class and included in the next." }, { "id": "q_523", "question": "In which method is the upper limit of a class same as the lower limit of the next higher class?", "optionA": "Inclusive", "optionB": "Exclusive", "optionC": "Tabular", "optionD": "Graphic", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This method ensures continuity of data." }, { "id": "q_524", "question": "In the 'Inclusive Method', are both the limits of a class included in the same class?", "optionA": "No", "optionB": "Yes", "optionC": "Only the lower limit", "optionD": "Only the upper limit", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "For example, in class 100-199, a person earning 199 is included." }, { "id": "q_525", "question": "Which method of classification is preferred for continuous variables?", "optionA": "Inclusive", "optionB": "Exclusive", "optionC": "Qualitative", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Exclusive method handles decimals and continuous data points better." }, { "id": "q_526", "question": "To convert an 'Inclusive' series to an 'Exclusive' one, what is the standard correction factor subtracted\/added?", "optionA": "1", "optionB": "0.5", "optionC": "10", "optionD": "0", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Subtract 0.5 from the lower limit and add 0.5 to the upper limit." }, { "id": "q_527", "question": "What is the process of systematic and orderly arrangement of data into rows and columns?", "optionA": "Classification", "optionB": "Tabulation", "optionC": "Graphic presentation", "optionD": "Analysis", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Tabulation is an intermediate process between collection and analysis." }, { "id": "q_528", "question": "In a statistical table, what refer to the 'row headings'?", "optionA": "Captions", "optionB": "Stubs", "optionC": "Body", "optionD": "Footnotes", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Stubs are the descriptions of horizontal rows." }, { "id": "q_529", "question": "In a statistical table, what refer to the 'column headings'?", "optionA": "Stubs", "optionB": "Captions", "optionC": "Head notes", "optionD": "Title", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Captions are the headings for vertical columns." }, { "id": "q_530", "question": "What is the 'Body' of a table?", "optionA": "The title", "optionB": "The part containing the actual numerical information (cells)", "optionC": "The footnote", "optionD": "The source note", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This is the main part of the statistical table." }, { "id": "q_531", "question": "Where is the 'Title' of a table usually placed?", "optionA": "At the bottom", "optionB": "At the top", "optionC": "In a footnote", "optionD": "On the side", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The title should be brief and self-explanatory." }, { "id": "q_532", "question": "What part of the table provides additional information about the title, like units of measurement?", "optionA": "Stub", "optionB": "Head Note", "optionC": "Caption", "optionD": "Source Note", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is usually placed in brackets after the title." }, { "id": "q_533", "question": "Where is the 'Source Note' placed in a table?", "optionA": "At the top", "optionB": "Below the foot-notes", "optionC": "In the caption", "optionD": "In the stub", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It allows the reader to check the origin of the data." }, { "id": "q_534", "question": "A table that studies only one characteristic (e.g., population by age) is a?", "optionA": "Complex table", "optionB": "Simple table (One-way table)", "optionC": "Manifold table", "optionD": "Three-way table", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is the simplest form of tabulation." }, { "id": "q_535", "question": "A table showing more than one characteristic of data is called a?", "optionA": "Primary table", "optionB": "Complex table", "optionC": "One-way table", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "These can be two-fold, three-fold, or manifold." }, { "id": "q_536", "question": "A 'Two-way table' shows how many characteristics of data?", "optionA": "One", "optionB": "Two", "optionC": "Three", "optionD": "Infinite", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "For example, classification by both education level and sex." }, { "id": "q_537", "question": "Diagrams are constructed on ___ paper, while graphs are constructed on ___ paper?", "optionA": "Plain, Graph", "optionB": "Graph, Plain", "optionC": "Ruled, Plain", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "Graphs are more precise and accurate because of the grid." }, { "id": "q_538", "question": "Diagrammatic presentation is usually intended for?", "optionA": "Scientists only", "optionB": "Layman and general public", "optionC": "Computers", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Diagrams are eye-catching and have a lasting impression." }, { "id": "q_539", "question": "Which of the following is a 'one-dimensional' diagram?", "optionA": "Pie chart", "optionB": "Bar chart", "optionC": "Cube", "optionD": "Histogram", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Only the height (magnitude) of the bar is considered, not the width." }, { "id": "q_540", "question": "In a bar chart, all bars should be of?", "optionA": "Different width", "optionB": "Equal width", "optionC": "Equal height", "optionD": "Different colors only", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The width is arbitrary, but must be uniform for all bars." }, { "id": "q_541", "question": "What is another name for a 'Pie-chart'?", "optionA": "Square chart", "optionB": "Circle-chart", "optionC": "Line graph", "optionD": "Histogram", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It shows the break-up of a total into its component parts." }, { "id": "q_542", "question": "In a pie-chart, the total value is represented by a circle of how many degrees?", "optionA": "180", "optionB": "360", "optionC": "100", "optionD": "90", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Each component is represented as a sector of the 360-degree circle." }, { "id": "q_543", "question": "What is the formula to find the 'Radius' of circles for comparing two datasets in pie-charts?", "optionA": "r = total value", "optionB": "r = square root of the total value", "optionC": "r = log(value)", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This makes the areas of the circles proportional to the totals." }, { "id": "q_544", "question": "Which of the following is a limitation of diagrams and graphs?", "optionA": "They are too accurate", "optionB": "They exhibit only limited number of observations", "optionC": "They are difficult to make", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "They provide an approximate idea rather than detailed figures." }, { "id": "q_545", "question": "Can diagrams and graphs be easily mis-interpreted?", "optionA": "No", "optionB": "Yes", "optionC": "Only in Odisha", "optionD": "Never", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "They require close inspection and should be analyzed carefully." }, { "id": "q_546", "question": "What is a Histogram?", "optionA": "A one-dimensional diagram", "optionB": "A two-dimensional graph consisting of adjacent rectangles", "optionC": "A circular chart", "optionD": "A list of numbers", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It represents frequency distribution where both length and breadth of rectangles are important." }, { "id": "q_547", "question": "In a Histogram, what is represented along the X-axis?", "optionA": "Frequency", "optionB": "Class intervals", "optionC": "Mid-values", "optionD": "Cumulative frequency", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The base of each rectangle represents the magnitude of the class interval." }, { "id": "q_548", "question": "In a Histogram, what is represented along the Y-axis?", "optionA": "Class intervals", "optionB": "Frequencies", "optionC": "Percentages", "optionD": "Time", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The height of the rectangles corresponds to the frequency of the respective classes." }, { "id": "q_549", "question": "Which type of graph is also known as a 'block diagram' or 'staircase chart'?", "optionA": "Pie diagram", "optionB": "Frequency Polygon", "optionC": "Histogram", "optionD": "Ogive", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Because of its appearance as a series of steps or blocks." }, { "id": "q_550", "question": "When class intervals are unequal, the height of the rectangles in a Histogram is proportional to?", "optionA": "Simple frequency", "optionB": "Frequency density", "optionC": "Cumulative frequency", "optionD": "Range", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Frequency density = (Frequency of the class) \/ (Magnitude of the class interval)." }, { "id": "q_551", "question": "Can a Histogram be constructed for 'open-end' classes?", "optionA": "Yes, easily", "optionB": "No, it cannot be constructed unless frequencies are suitably adjusted", "optionC": "Only if data is discrete", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Open-end classes lack a defined limit, making it difficult to draw the first or last bar accurately." }, { "id": "q_552", "question": "How is a Frequency Polygon often derived from a Histogram?", "optionA": "By joining the corners", "optionB": "By joining the mid-points of the top horizontal sides", "optionC": "By coloring the bars", "optionD": "By adding the frequencies", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "These mid-points are joined by straight lines to form the curve." }, { "id": "q_553", "question": "Can a Frequency Polygon be drawn without first drawing a Histogram?", "optionA": "No", "optionB": "Yes, by plotting frequencies against mid-points", "optionC": "Only for small data", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "One can simply plot the points and connect them with straight lines." }, { "id": "q_554", "question": "To find the 'area' under a frequency polygon, what is done at the ends?", "optionA": "They are left open", "optionB": "They are extended to the X-axis to touch two hypothetical classes", "optionC": "They are joined to the Y-axis", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This makes the area under the polygon equal to the area under the corresponding histogram." }, { "id": "q_555", "question": "What is another name for 'Ogives'?", "optionA": "Line graphs", "optionB": "Cumulative frequency curves", "optionC": "Bar charts", "optionD": "Historigrams", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Ogives are used to represent the growth or accumulation of frequencies." }, { "id": "q_556", "question": "How many types of Ogives are there?", "optionA": "One", "optionB": "Two (Less than and More than)", "optionC": "Three", "optionD": "Four", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "These two curves together help in locating the median." }, { "id": "q_557", "question": "In the 'Less Than' method of constructing an Ogive, we start with the ___ of the classes?", "optionA": "Lower limit", "optionB": "Upper limit", "optionC": "Mid-point", "optionD": "Frequency", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "We add frequencies serially starting from the lowest class." }, { "id": "q_558", "question": "A 'More Than' Ogive is a ___ curve?", "optionA": "Rising", "optionB": "Falling", "optionC": "Straight horizontal", "optionD": "Vertical", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It starts with the total frequency and deducts frequencies serially." }, { "id": "q_559", "question": "Ogives are primarily used to determine which partition values?", "optionA": "Mean and Mode", "optionB": "Median, quartiles, and deciles", "optionC": "Range only", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The point where the two Ogives intersect corresponds to the median." }, { "id": "q_560", "question": "A graph representing data according to its time of occurrence is called a?", "optionA": "Histogram", "optionB": "Historigram", "optionC": "Pie chart", "optionD": "Frequency Polygon", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Note the spelling 'Historigram' for time series, distinct from 'Histogram'." }, { "id": "q_561", "question": "In a Historigram, 'Time' is always taken on the?", "optionA": "Y-axis", "optionB": "X-axis", "optionC": "Legend", "optionD": "Footnote", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Time is the independent variable in a time series." }, { "id": "q_562", "question": "Which type of time series graph is used when there are two or more variables measured in the same unit?", "optionA": "Simple line graph", "optionB": "Historigram for two or more variables", "optionC": "Pie chart", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Different types of lines or colors are used to distinguish the variables." }, { "id": "q_563", "question": "A 'Net Balance Graph' is used to show?", "optionA": "Only total sales", "optionB": "The difference between two related variables (e.g., Export and Import)", "optionC": "Only population", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It visually highlights the gap between two data trends over time." }, { "id": "q_564", "question": "Which method provides more accurate and detailed information for professional analysis?", "optionA": "Diagrammatic presentation", "optionB": "Tabular presentation", "optionC": "Pictogram", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Tables contain precise figures, whereas graphs provide approximate visual ideas." }, { "id": "q_565", "question": "Diagrams and graphs are considered ___ to tabulation?", "optionA": "Replacements", "optionB": "Complementary", "optionC": "Irrelevant", "optionD": "Opposite", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Both tools work together to make data analysis complete." }, { "id": "q_566", "question": "Why should diagrams and graphs be analyzed only by statisticians?", "optionA": "Because they are secret", "optionB": "Because they can be easily mis-interpreted by laymen", "optionC": "Because they are expensive", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Visuals can be misleading if the scale or context is not understood." }, { "id": "q_567", "question": "In the 'Inclusive Method' of classification?", "optionA": "Only upper class limit is included", "optionB": "Only lower class limit is included", "optionC": "Both the upper and lower class limits are included", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "For example, in 10-19, both 10 and 19 stay in that group." }, { "id": "q_568", "question": "In the 'Exclusive Method' of classification?", "optionA": "Upper class limit is included", "optionB": "Upper class limit is excluded and included in the next class", "optionC": "Frequencies are doubled", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "In 10-20, 20 is not counted here but in 20-30." }, { "id": "q_569", "question": "Which of the following is a 'discrete variable'?", "optionA": "Heights of children", "optionB": "Number of children in a family", "optionC": "Weight of students", "optionD": "Rainfall", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "You cannot have 2.5 children; it must be a whole number." }, { "id": "q_570", "question": "'Yearly income of school teachers' is considered a?", "optionA": "Discrete variable", "optionB": "Continuous variable", "optionC": "Qualitative trait", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Income can involve any value and fractions, making it continuous." }, { "id": "q_571", "question": "Who is known as the 'Father of Statistics'?", "optionA": "R.A. Fisher", "optionB": "Irving Fisher", "optionC": "Adam Smith", "optionD": "Horace Secrist", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "Sir Ronald A. Fisher is the correct answer from the choices." }, { "id": "q_572", "question": "In case of an 'Array', data are arranged in?", "optionA": "Ascending order", "optionB": "Descending order", "optionC": "Either ascending or descending order", "optionD": "Random order", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "An array is any systematic arrangement of raw data by magnitude." }, { "id": "q_573", "question": "Census method is suitable for investigation in which?", "optionA": "Size of population is small", "optionB": "High degree of accuracy is NOT required", "optionC": "Population is infinite", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "Census is best when the group is manageable and total accuracy is needed." }, { "id": "q_574", "question": "Reliability of sampling data depends on?", "optionA": "Size of sample", "optionB": "Method of sampling", "optionC": "Training of enumerators", "optionD": "All of the above", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "These factors ensure the sample truly reflects the population." }, { "id": "q_575", "question": "___ is the first step in tabulation?", "optionA": "Collection", "optionB": "Classification", "optionC": "Analysis", "optionD": "Interpretation", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Grouping data into classes must happen before a table can be made." }, { "id": "q_576", "question": "A ___ is the systematic arrangement of data in rows and columns?", "optionA": "Graph", "optionB": "Statistical Table", "optionC": "Paragraph", "optionD": "List", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Tabulation is the formal name for this arrangement." }, { "id": "q_577", "question": "In a statistical table, 'Stubs' refer to?", "optionA": "Column headings", "optionB": "Row headings", "optionC": "Footnotes", "optionD": "Title", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Stubs identify the horizontal entries." }, { "id": "q_578", "question": "'Captions' in a table refer to?", "optionA": "Row headings", "optionB": "Column headings", "optionC": "Source note", "optionD": "Cell values", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Captions identify the vertical columns." }, { "id": "q_579", "question": "Classification is the ___ step in a statistical enquiry?", "optionA": "First", "optionB": "Second (after collection)", "optionC": "Last", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It follows data collection." }, { "id": "q_580", "question": "Time series graphs are otherwise called ___?", "optionA": "Histograms", "optionB": "Historigrams", "optionC": "Ogives", "optionD": "Polygons", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "They represent data over a period of time." }, { "id": "q_581", "question": "___ is taken on the X-axis while drawing time series graphs?", "optionA": "Frequency", "optionB": "Time", "optionC": "Variable value", "optionD": "Total", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Time is the base for these graphs." }, { "id": "q_582", "question": "Cumulative frequency curves are otherwise called ___?", "optionA": "Histograms", "optionB": "Ogives", "optionC": "Pie charts", "optionD": "Bars", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "They show the running total of frequencies." }, { "id": "q_583", "question": "What is 'Organisation of Data'?", "optionA": "Throwing away old files", "optionB": "Presenting data in condensed form for comprehension", "optionC": "Only using computers", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is the heart of statistical processing." }, { "id": "q_584", "question": "Frequencies are counted using which tool in Chapter 6?", "optionA": "Calculator", "optionB": "Tally-bars", "optionC": "Ruler", "optionD": "Compass", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Marks are grouped into blocks of 5." }, { "id": "q_585", "question": "What is the formula for the number of classes (K) as per Sturges?", "optionA": "K = N + 1", "optionB": "K = 1 + 3.322 log N", "optionC": "K = log N \/ 10", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This is a foundational rule in frequency distribution." }, { "id": "q_586", "question": "Mid-value of a class is also known as?", "optionA": "Class width", "optionB": "Mid-point", "optionC": "Frequency density", "optionD": "Range", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Calculated as (L1+U2)\/2." }, { "id": "q_587", "question": "A 'Simple Table' is also called a?", "optionA": "One-way table", "optionB": "Two-way table", "optionC": "Complex table", "optionD": "Manifold table", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "It studies only one characteristic of the data." }, { "id": "q_588", "question": "Which diagram is better for showing categorical or geographical data?", "optionA": "Graph", "optionB": "Diagram (like Bars\/Circles)", "optionC": "Ogive", "optionD": "Histogram", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Diagrams are better for non-continuous categories." }, { "id": "q_589", "question": "In a pie-chart, if a component is 10% of the total, its degree will be?", "optionA": "10°", "optionB": "36°", "optionC": "100°", "optionD": "360°", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "(10\/100) * 360 = 36 degrees." }, { "id": "q_590", "question": "Which graph is best to determine the 'Median' graphically?", "optionA": "Histogram", "optionB": "Ogive", "optionC": "Bar chart", "optionD": "Pictogram", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The intersection of 'less than' and 'more than' ogives is the median." }, { "id": "q_591", "question": "Comparison between different sets of observation is a major function of?", "optionA": "Data collection", "optionB": "Statistics", "optionC": "History", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Statistics allows for meaningful comparison through condensation." }, { "id": "q_592", "question": "What is 'Raw Data' compared to in the text?", "optionA": "A finished building", "optionB": "Raw materials", "optionC": "A car", "optionD": "A book", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Like raw materials, data must be processed into 'finished goods' (information)." }, { "id": "q_593", "question": "'Stubs' and 'Captions' are parts of?", "optionA": "A Map", "optionB": "A Statistical Table", "optionC": "A Mountain", "optionD": "A River", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "They are essential structural components of any table." }, { "id": "q_594", "question": "Why is the 'Exclusive Method' preferred for continuous variables?", "optionA": "It is shorter", "optionB": "It ensures continuity of data", "optionC": "It uses fewer numbers", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It perfectly handles values that fall on class boundaries." }, { "id": "q_595", "question": "The purpose of 'Foot-notes' in a table is to?", "optionA": "Give the name of the author", "optionB": "Explain certain specific points not understood from the title", "optionC": "Show the date", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "They provide necessary clarifications for the data." }, { "id": "q_596", "question": "Which of the following is NOT a graphic presentation tool?", "optionA": "Histogram", "optionB": "Frequency Polygon", "optionC": "Tabular cells", "optionD": "Ogives", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Tabular cells belong to the table, not the graph." }, { "id": "q_597", "question": "What is 'Classification of Data' according to the summary?", "optionA": "Hiding data", "optionB": "Dividing data into groups based on similarities", "optionC": "Deleting data", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is the preliminary step to presentation." }, { "id": "q_598", "question": "A single figure that precisely represents the whole distribution is known as?", "optionA": "Dispersion", "optionB": "Central Tendency", "optionC": "Range", "optionD": "Variable", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is also called an 'average' or 'measure of location'." }, { "id": "q_599", "question": "According to Clark, \"An average is a figure that represents the ___ group\"?", "optionA": "Smallest", "optionB": "Whole", "optionC": "Largest", "optionD": "Random", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "A central value provides a birds-eye view of the entire dataset." }, { "id": "q_600", "question": "Which of the following is a 'mathematical average'?", "optionA": "Median", "optionB": "Arithmetic Mean", "optionC": "Mode", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Arithmetic, Geometric, and Harmonic means are mathematical, while Median and Mode are positional." }, { "id": "q_601", "question": "An ideal measure of central tendency should be 'rigidly defined'. What does this mean?", "optionA": "It should be hard to calculate", "optionB": "It should lead to the same interpretation by everyone", "optionC": "it should be flexible", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "A rigid definition prevents personal bias from affecting the result." }, { "id": "q_602", "question": "An average that satisfies all or most of the ideal characteristics is?", "optionA": "Mode", "optionB": "Median", "optionC": "Arithmetic Mean", "optionD": "Harmonic Mean", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Arithmetic mean is widely considered the best average for general purposes." }, { "id": "q_603", "question": "Arithmetic Mean is obtained by dividing the sum-total of all values by?", "optionA": "Two", "optionB": "The highest value", "optionC": "The number of observations (n)", "optionD": "The range", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Mean = Σx \/ n." }, { "id": "q_604", "question": "In the 'Short-cut method' for mean, what does 'A' stand for?", "optionA": "Average", "optionB": "Assumed Mean", "optionC": "Actual Mean", "optionD": "Addition", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "An arbitrary value is taken from the middle to simplify calculations." }, { "id": "q_605", "question": "In the formula for Mean (X̄ = A + Σfd \/ N), what is 'd'?", "optionA": "Distance", "optionB": "Deviation of X from Assumed Mean (X - A)", "optionC": "Division", "optionD": "Data", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Deviations help reduce the size of the numbers being calculated." }, { "id": "q_606", "question": "The 'Step-deviation method' is used when?", "optionA": "Values are small", "optionB": "Class intervals are equal and values are large", "optionC": "No frequency is given", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It uses a common factor 'h' to further simplify calculations." }, { "id": "q_607", "question": "The algebraic sum of deviations of items from the actual arithmetic mean is always?", "optionA": "One", "optionB": "Zero", "optionC": "Positive", "optionD": "Negative", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "This is a fundamental property: Σ(X - X̄) = 0." }, { "id": "q_608", "question": "The sum of squares of deviations of items from the mean is?", "optionA": "The most", "optionB": "The least", "optionC": "Zero", "optionD": "Infinity", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Σ(X - X̄)² is minimum compared to squares of deviations from any other value." }, { "id": "q_609", "question": "If all items in a series are multiplied by a constant 'c', the new mean will be?", "optionA": "Unchanged", "optionB": "Multiplied by 'c'", "optionC": "Divided by 'c'", "optionD": "Zero", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The mean changes proportionately with the items in the series." }, { "id": "q_610", "question": "Which type of mean is used when different items in a distribution are of unequal importance?", "optionA": "Simple AM", "optionB": "Weighted Arithmetic Mean", "optionC": "Median", "optionD": "Mode", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It assigns 'weights' (w) to items based on their significance." }, { "id": "q_611", "question": "Arithmetic mean is highly affected by?", "optionA": "Middle values", "optionB": "Extreme values (very large or very small)", "optionC": "No values", "optionD": "Colors", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "One extremely high value can pull the mean away from the center." }, { "id": "q_612", "question": "Can Arithmetic Mean be determined by inspection or located graphically?", "optionA": "Yes", "optionB": "No", "optionC": "Only in Odisha", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It must be calculated mathematically; unlike Mode or Median." }, { "id": "q_613", "question": "Median is a ___ average?", "optionA": "Mathematical", "optionB": "Positional", "optionC": "Qualitative", "optionD": "Calculated", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It depends on the position of the item in an arranged series." }, { "id": "q_614", "question": "Before calculating the Median, the data must be arranged in?", "optionA": "Any order", "optionB": "Ascending or Descending order", "optionC": "Alphabetical order", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Proper ordering is essential to find the middle-most value." }, { "id": "q_615", "question": "The Median divides a series into how many equal parts?", "optionA": "Three", "optionB": "Two", "optionC": "Four", "optionD": "Ten", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "One half of items are above the median, the other half below." }, { "id": "q_616", "question": "If 'n' (number of items) is ODD, the Median is the value of?", "optionA": "(n\/2)th item", "optionB": "(n+1)\/2 th item", "optionC": "n-th item", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "For example, if n=7, the 4th item is the median." }, { "id": "q_617", "question": "If 'n' is EVEN, the Median is the arithmetic mean of?", "optionA": "The first and last items", "optionB": "The two middle items", "optionC": "All items", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is the average of (n\/2)th and (n\/2 + 1)th items." }, { "id": "q_618", "question": "In which type of distribution can Median be graphically located using Ogives?", "optionA": "Simple series", "optionB": "Discrete series", "optionC": "Grouped Frequency Distribution (Continuous)", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "The intersection of 'less than' and 'more than' ogives is the median." }, { "id": "q_619", "question": "Median is best suited for which type of data?", "optionA": "Mathematical", "optionB": "Qualitative (Intelligence, Beauty)", "optionC": "Large numbers", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Since qualities can be ranked but not measured, median is the most appropriate." }, { "id": "q_620", "question": "A major advantage of Median is that it is NOT affected by?", "optionA": "Middle values", "optionB": "Extreme values", "optionC": "Frequency", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Unlike the mean, the median doesn't shift much due to one outlier." }, { "id": "q_621", "question": "In a continuous series, the formula for Median includes 'c'. What is 'c'?", "optionA": "Class width", "optionB": "Frequency", "optionC": "Cumulative frequency of the class preceding the median class", "optionD": "Constant", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "It is a part of the interpolation formula." }, { "id": "q_622", "question": "The item value which occurs with the 'maximum frequency' in a distribution is?", "optionA": "Mean", "optionB": "Median", "optionC": "Mode", "optionD": "Range", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "It is the most typical or 'fashionable' value." }, { "id": "q_623", "question": "A distribution with only one mode is called?", "optionA": "Bimodal", "optionB": "Unimodal", "optionC": "Multimodal", "optionD": "Tri-modal", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Most standard distributions are unimodal." }, { "id": "q_624", "question": "Mode can be located graphically from a?", "optionA": "Ogive", "optionB": "Histogram", "optionC": "Pie chart", "optionD": "Line graph", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The highest bar in the histogram represents the modal class." }, { "id": "q_625", "question": "What is the 'Empirical Formula' relating Mean, Median, and Mode?", "optionA": "Mode = 3 Median - 2 Mean", "optionB": "Mean = 3 Mode", "optionC": "Median = Mean + Mode", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "This relationship holds for moderately asymmetrical distributions." }, { "id": "q_626", "question": "Mode is commonly used in which field?", "optionA": "Scientific research", "optionB": "Marketing and Business (e.g., shoe size)", "optionC": "Atomic physics", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Businessmen look for the most popular item to stock." }, { "id": "q_627", "question": "Which average is 'ill-defined' if the maximum frequency repeats?", "optionA": "Mean", "optionB": "Median", "optionC": "Mode", "optionD": "AM", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "If two values have the same high frequency, the distribution becomes bimodal." }, { "id": "q_628", "question": "Which mean is defined as the 'nth root of the product of n observations'?", "optionA": "Arithmetic", "optionB": "Geometric Mean (GM)", "optionC": "Harmonic", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is specifically used for growth rates and index numbers." }, { "id": "q_629", "question": "If any observation in a series is ZERO, the Geometric Mean becomes?", "optionA": "One", "optionB": "Zero", "optionC": "Infinity", "optionD": "Doubled", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Because the product of all items will be zero." }, { "id": "q_630", "question": "Which mean is defined as the 'reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals' of values?", "optionA": "Geometric", "optionB": "Harmonic Mean (HM)", "optionC": "Median", "optionD": "Mode", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is useful for averaging rates and speeds." }, { "id": "q_631", "question": "For any series of positive numbers, what is the relationship between AM, GM, and HM?", "optionA": "AM < GM < HM", "optionB": "AM ≥ GM ≥ HM", "optionC": "All are equal", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Arithmetic mean is always the highest of the three." }, { "id": "q_632", "question": "Measures of central tendency are called 'averages of first order'. Measures of dispersion are called?", "optionA": "Averages of zero order", "optionB": "Averages of second order", "optionC": "Final averages", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "They measure the variation of items around the first-order average." }, { "id": "q_633", "question": "Dispersion means the ___ or variation of data?", "optionA": "Centering", "optionB": "Scatterness", "optionC": "Total", "optionD": "Addition", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It shows how spread out the data points are from the mean." }, { "id": "q_634", "question": "A 'Relative Measure' of dispersion is expressed in terms of?", "optionA": "Kilograms\/Rupees", "optionB": "Ratios or Percentages (Coefficients)", "optionC": "Absolute numbers", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Relative measures are unitless and used for comparison." }, { "id": "q_635", "question": "Which of the following is a characteristic of a good measure of dispersion?", "optionA": "Rigidly defined", "optionB": "Easy to calculate", "optionC": "Based on all observations", "optionD": "All of the above", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "It should follow similar standards as an ideal average." }, { "id": "q_636", "question": "What is the simplest measure of dispersion?", "optionA": "Standard Deviation", "optionB": "Range", "optionC": "Variance", "optionD": "Quartile Deviation", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is easy to understand and calculate." }, { "id": "q_637", "question": "Range is the difference between?", "optionA": "Mean and Median", "optionB": "The two extreme values (Highest - Lowest)", "optionC": "Q3 and Q1", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "R = H - L." }, { "id": "q_638", "question": "What is the formula for the 'Coefficient of Range'?", "optionA": "(H - L) \/ (H + L)", "optionB": "H + L", "optionC": "H \/ L", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "This is the relative measure used to compare different series." }, { "id": "q_639", "question": "Range is commonly used in which industry?", "optionA": "Education", "optionB": "Quality control in industrial products and Weather forecasting", "optionC": "Banking", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "For example, measuring the daily temperature range." }, { "id": "q_640", "question": "How many Quartiles divide a series into four equal parts?", "optionA": "Two", "optionB": "Three (Q1, Q2, Q3)", "optionC": "Four", "optionD": "Ten", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Q1 covers 25%, Q2 (Median) 50%, and Q3 75%." }, { "id": "q_641", "question": "Quartile Deviation (QD) is also known as?", "optionA": "Range", "optionB": "Semi-interquartile range", "optionC": "Mean deviation", "optionD": "Variance", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is half of the difference between Q3 and Q1." }, { "id": "q_642", "question": "What is the formula for QD?", "optionA": "(Q3 - Q1) \/ 2", "optionB": "Q3 + Q1", "optionC": "Q1 - Q3", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "It measures the spread of the middle 50% of the items." }, { "id": "q_643", "question": "The 'Coefficient of Quartile Deviation' is?", "optionA": "(Q3 - Q1) \/ (Q3 + Q1)", "optionB": "Q3 \/ Q1", "optionC": "Q2", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "It is an absolute number used for comparison." }, { "id": "q_644", "question": "Which measure of dispersion is best for 'open-end' classes?", "optionA": "Range", "optionB": "Standard Deviation", "optionC": "Quartile Deviation", "optionD": "Mean Deviation", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "Since it depends on quartiles, it doesn't need the extreme boundaries." }, { "id": "q_645", "question": "Mean Deviation is the arithmetic average of the ___ deviations of items from an average?", "optionA": "Square", "optionB": "Absolute (ignoring signs)", "optionC": "Cubed", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "We ignore the plus and minus signs, using only 'modulus' values." }, { "id": "q_646", "question": "Mean Deviation can be calculated from?", "optionA": "Mean only", "optionB": "Median only", "optionC": "Mean, Median, or Mode", "optionD": "Range", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "However, Mean Deviation from Median is usually the most stable." }, { "id": "q_647", "question": "The 'Coefficient of Mean Deviation' is calculated by?", "optionA": "MD \/ Average from which it was calculated", "optionB": "MD * 100", "optionC": "MD + 10", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "It makes the measure relative for comparison." }, { "id": "q_648", "question": "Who introduced the concept of 'Standard Deviation' in 1893?", "optionA": "Adam Smith", "optionB": "Karl Pearson", "optionC": "R.A. Fisher", "optionD": "Bowley", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Karl Pearson gave this most important and popular measure of dispersion." }, { "id": "q_649", "question": "Standard Deviation is defined as the positive ___ of the mean of the squares of deviations of items from the mean?", "optionA": "Square", "optionB": "Square root", "optionC": "Logarithm", "optionD": "Reciprocal", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is also known as 'root-mean square deviation'." }, { "id": "q_650", "question": "Which Greek letter is used to denote Standard Deviation?", "optionA": "Alpha (α)", "optionB": "Beta (β)", "optionC": "Sigma (σ)", "optionD": "Delta (δ)", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "The small letter sigma (σ) is the standard symbol." }, { "id": "q_651", "question": "In a simple series, the formula for S.D. using the actual mean is?", "optionA": "σ = √[Σ(x-X̄)² \/ n]", "optionB": "σ = Σx \/ n", "optionC": "σ = H - L", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "It measures the average distance of each data point from the mean." }, { "id": "q_652", "question": "The 'Step-deviation method' for S.D. uses a common factor 'h'. What is the purpose of 'h'?", "optionA": "To increase the value", "optionB": "To simplify calculation by reducing the magnitude of deviations", "optionC": "To find the median", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Dividing by the class interval 'h' makes the numbers smaller and easier to work with." }, { "id": "q_653", "question": "Standard Deviation of the first 'n' natural numbers (1, 2, 3...n) is given by which formula?", "optionA": "√[(n² - 1) \/ 12]", "optionB": "(n + 1) \/ 2", "optionC": "n² \/ 12", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "This is a fixed mathematical property mentioned in the textbook." }, { "id": "q_654", "question": "Which measure of dispersion is considered 'ideal' because it is based on all observations and capable of further algebraic treatment?", "optionA": "Range", "optionB": "Quartile Deviation", "optionC": "Standard Deviation", "optionD": "Mean Deviation", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "S.D. is the most scientifically sound measure of dispersion." }, { "id": "q_655", "question": "A major demerit of Standard Deviation is that it?", "optionA": "Ignores signs", "optionB": "Is not affected by extreme values", "optionC": "Is relatively difficult to calculate and understand", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Compared to Range or Q.D., the mathematical process for S.D. is complex." }, { "id": "q_656", "question": "The square of the standard deviation (σ²) is known as?", "optionA": "Range", "optionB": "Variance", "optionC": "Mean", "optionD": "Coefficient", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Variance measures the spread of a dataset around its mean." }, { "id": "q_657", "question": "If the Standard Deviation of a series is 5, what is the Variance?", "optionA": "10", "optionB": "2.5", "optionC": "25", "optionD": "0", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Variance is σ², so 5 * 5 = 25." }, { "id": "q_658", "question": "If the Variance is 100, what is the Standard Deviation?", "optionA": "1000", "optionB": "50", "optionC": "10", "optionD": "1", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "S.D. is the square root of Variance (√100 = 10)." }, { "id": "q_659", "question": "What is the formula for the 'Coefficient of Variation'?", "optionA": "(σ \/ X̄) x 100", "optionB": "(X̄ \/ σ) x 100", "optionC": "σ + X̄", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "It is the standard deviation expressed as a percentage of the mean." }, { "id": "q_660", "question": "The Coefficient of Variation (C.V.) is used to compare the ___ of two or more series?", "optionA": "Total sum", "optionB": "Variability or Consistency", "optionC": "Number of items", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "A series with a smaller C.V. is said to be more 'consistent' or 'stable'." }, { "id": "q_661", "question": "If series A has a C.V. of 30% and series B has a C.V. of 25%, which series is more consistent?", "optionA": "Series A", "optionB": "Series B", "optionC": "Both are same", "optionD": "Cannot be determined", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The lower the C.V., the more uniform or stable the data." }, { "id": "q_662", "question": "Standard Deviation is a measure of ___ dispersion, while C.V. is a measure of ___ dispersion?", "optionA": "Relative, Absolute", "optionB": "Absolute, Relative", "optionC": "Simple, Complex", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "S.D. has units (like kg\/Rs), while C.V. is a pure percentage." }, { "id": "q_663", "question": "The concept of 'Lorenz Curve' was introduced by?", "optionA": "Max O. Lorenz", "optionB": "Karl Pearson", "optionC": "Marshall", "optionD": "Niti Aayog", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "It is a graphic method of studying dispersion." }, { "id": "q_664", "question": "The Lorenz Curve is most commonly used to study the distribution of?", "optionA": "Rainfall", "optionB": "Height of students", "optionC": "Income, Wealth, or Wages", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "It visually represents economic inequality." }, { "id": "q_665", "question": "In a Lorenz Curve graph, the straight diagonal line joining (0,0) to (100,100) is called?", "optionA": "Curve of Concentration", "optionB": "Line of Equal Distribution", "optionC": "X-axis", "optionD": "Y-axis", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It represents a perfectly equal distribution where everyone has the same share." }, { "id": "q_666", "question": "The closer the Lorenz Curve is to the 'Line of Equal Distribution', the ___ is the inequality?", "optionA": "Higher", "optionB": "Lower", "optionC": "Constant", "optionD": "Zero", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Distance from the diagonal indicates the degree of inequality." }, { "id": "q_667", "question": "What is the 'Gini's Coefficient'?", "optionA": "A measure of mean", "optionB": "A numerical measure of the area between the Lorenz curve and the diagonal", "optionC": "A type of average", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It turns the visual Lorenz Curve into a single numerical index of inequality." }, { "id": "q_668", "question": "What is the ratio of Q.D., M.D., and S.D. in a normal distribution?", "optionA": "1:2:3", "optionB": "10 : 12 : 15", "optionC": "5 : 6 : 7", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "As per page 453, Q.D. : M.D. : S.D. ≈ 10 : 12 : 15 (or 2\/3 : 4\/5 : 1)." }, { "id": "q_669", "question": "That means, Standard Deviation (S.D.) is equal to?", "optionA": "5\/4 M.D.", "optionB": "3\/2 Q.D.", "optionC": "Both A and B", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "S.D. is the largest among the three measures." }, { "id": "q_670", "question": "Standard Deviation is independent of the change of ___?", "optionA": "Scale", "optionB": "Origin", "optionC": "Both", "optionD": "Neither", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Adding or subtracting a constant from all items does not change the S.D." }, { "id": "q_671", "question": "Standard Deviation is dependent on the change of ___?", "optionA": "Origin", "optionB": "Scale", "optionC": "Color", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Multiplying or dividing all items by a constant changes the S.D. proportionately." }, { "id": "q_672", "question": "Is Standard Deviation always greater than the Mean Deviation from the mean?", "optionA": "No", "optionB": "Yes", "optionC": "Only in Odisha", "optionD": "Sometimes", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Mathematically, S.D. will always be higher than M.D." }, { "id": "q_673", "question": "Which of the following is amendable to further algebraic treatment?", "optionA": "Mean", "optionB": "Median", "optionC": "Mode", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "The mean is used in many further statistical calculations like S.D. or Correlation." }, { "id": "q_674", "question": "Which of the following values divides a series into two equal parts?", "optionA": "Mean", "optionB": "Median", "optionC": "Mode", "optionD": "All of the above", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Median is the central position of an arranged dataset." }, { "id": "q_675", "question": "The item value having the maximum frequency is called?", "optionA": "Mean", "optionB": "Median", "optionC": "Mode", "optionD": "Quartile", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Mode is the most frequent value." }, { "id": "q_676", "question": "If Mean = 20 and Median = 18, the Mode is?", "optionA": "16", "optionB": "12", "optionC": "14", "optionD": "15", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Mode = (3 * 18) - (2 * 20) = 54 - 40 = 14." }, { "id": "q_677", "question": "If item values in a series are 15, 3, 7, 21, 28, 11, 5, the median is?", "optionA": "7", "optionB": "15", "optionC": "11", "optionD": "21", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Arranged: 3, 5, 7, 11, 15, 21, 28. The middle (4th) value is 11." }, { "id": "q_678", "question": "What is the geometric mean of 5 and 45?", "optionA": "25", "optionB": "15", "optionC": "22.5", "optionD": "50", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "GM = √(5 * 45) = √225 = 15." }, { "id": "q_679", "question": "Which measure is least affected by fluctuations in sampling?", "optionA": "Mode", "optionB": "Median", "optionC": "Arithmetic Mean", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "AM is more stable than positional averages." }, { "id": "q_680", "question": "In qualitative data, which is considered the best measure of central tendency?", "optionA": "Mean", "optionB": "Median", "optionC": "Range", "optionD": "Variance", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Since attributes can be ranked, median is ideal." }, { "id": "q_681", "question": "If n = 6 and X̄ = 5, then Σx is?", "optionA": "11", "optionB": "1", "optionC": "30", "optionD": "25", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Σx = n * X̄ = 6 * 5 = 30." }, { "id": "q_682", "question": "Median is equal to which quartile?", "optionA": "Q1", "optionB": "Q2", "optionC": "Q3", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The second quartile is the 50th percentile or median." }, { "id": "q_683", "question": "The difference between the upper quartile (Q3) and lower quartile (Q1) is called?", "optionA": "Quartile deviation", "optionB": "Semi interquartile range", "optionC": "Interquartile range", "optionD": "Range", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "IQR = Q3 - Q1." }, { "id": "q_684", "question": "If Q1 = 10 and Q3 = 30, the Quartile Deviation is?", "optionA": "20", "optionB": "10", "optionC": "0.5", "optionD": "40", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Q.D. = (30 - 10) \/ 2 = 10." }, { "id": "q_685", "question": "What is 'Range'?", "optionA": "Mean - Median", "optionB": "Maximum value - Minimum value", "optionC": "Q3 - Q1", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It measures the total spread from start to finish." }, { "id": "q_686", "question": "The 'Inter quartile range' is equal to?", "optionA": "Same as Quartile Deviation", "optionB": "2 x Q.D.", "optionC": "Q.D. \/ 2", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Since Q.D. is half of IQR." }, { "id": "q_687", "question": "Mean Deviation (M.D.) can be calculated from?", "optionA": "Mean", "optionB": "Median", "optionC": "Mode", "optionD": "All of the above", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "It is the average of absolute deviations from any central value." }, { "id": "q_688", "question": "Which of the following is a 'relative' measure of deviation?", "optionA": "Range", "optionB": "Quartile Deviation", "optionC": "Coefficient of variation", "optionD": "Standard Deviation", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Coefficients are relative measures (unitless)." }, { "id": "q_689", "question": "Standard deviation is always ___ than mean deviation from mean?", "optionA": "Smaller", "optionB": "Greater", "optionC": "Equal", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "S.D. gives more weight to larger deviations." }, { "id": "q_690", "question": "The square of standard deviation is known as?", "optionA": "Mean", "optionB": "Variance", "optionC": "Range", "optionD": "Mode", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Variance = σ²." }, { "id": "q_691", "question": "Absolute measures of dispersion are expressed in terms of?", "optionA": "Percentages", "optionB": "Ratios", "optionC": "Units of the data (e.g. Rs, kg)", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "They carry the same unit as the original variable." }, { "id": "q_692", "question": "A series with a ___ coefficient of variation is considered more variable?", "optionA": "Smaller", "optionB": "Larger", "optionC": "Zero", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Higher C.V. means the data is more spread out and less consistent." }, { "id": "q_693", "question": "In the formula for Mean Deviation (MD = Σ", "optionA": "X - M", "optionB": "\/ n), the bars", "optionC": "", "optionD": "signify?", "correctOption": "MULTIPLICATION", "explanation": "Ignore algebraic signs (Absolute value)" }, { "id": "q_694", "question": "Standard Deviation is the ___ root of the arithmetic mean of the squares of deviations?", "optionA": "Cube", "optionB": "Square", "optionC": "Fourth", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Hence the name root-mean-square." }, { "id": "q_695", "question": "Can the sum of deviations from the actual mean ever be non-zero?", "optionA": "Yes", "optionB": "No", "optionC": "Only if data is negative", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The sum Σ(x - X̄) is always exactly zero." }, { "id": "q_696", "question": "Graphically, dispersion is shown in the form of?", "optionA": "Histogram", "optionB": "Pie chart", "optionC": "Lorenz Curve", "optionD": "Frequency Polygon", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Lorenz curve is the standard graphical tool for dispersion." }, { "id": "q_697", "question": "Why is S.D. considered better than M.D.?", "optionA": "It is easier", "optionB": "It ignores signs", "optionC": "It is capable of further algebraic treatment and does not ignore signs", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "S.D. squared the values to remove signs, which is mathematically superior to just ignoring them." }, { "id": "q_698", "question": "The 'Line of Equal Distribution' in a Lorenz Curve graph is?", "optionA": "A curved line", "optionB": "A 45-degree diagonal", "optionC": "The X-axis", "optionD": "The Y-axis", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It serves as the baseline for comparing inequality." }, { "id": "q_699", "question": "What is the statistical tool used to study and measure the relationship between two variables?", "optionA": "Dispersion", "optionB": "Average", "optionC": "Correlation", "optionD": "Index Number", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Correlation measures the degree of association between variables." }, { "id": "q_700", "question": "If two variables 'X' and 'Y' move in the same direction, the correlation is?", "optionA": "Negative", "optionB": "Positive", "optionC": "Zero", "optionD": "Partial", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "For example, as income increases, expenditure also increases." }, { "id": "q_701", "question": "What type of correlation exists between Price and Demand of a commodity?", "optionA": "Positive", "optionB": "Negative", "optionC": "Linear", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Usually, as price rises, demand falls (opposite directions)." }, { "id": "q_702", "question": "Correlation coefficient (r) always lies between which limits?", "optionA": "0 and 1", "optionB": "-1 and +1", "optionC": "-10 and +10", "optionD": "1 and 100", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "'r' cannot be less than -1 or greater than +1." }, { "id": "q_703", "question": "When a change in one variable leads to a change in the other in a constant proportion, it is called?", "optionA": "Non-linear correlation", "optionB": "Linear correlation", "optionC": "Multiple correlation", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Plotting linear correlation on a graph gives a straight line." }, { "id": "q_704", "question": "If the relationship between variables is expressed by a curve rather than a straight line, it is?", "optionA": "Linear", "optionB": "Non-linear or Curvilinear", "optionC": "Simple", "optionD": "Partial", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This happens when the ratio of change is not constant." }, { "id": "q_705", "question": "Correlation studying the relationship between three or more variables simultaneously is?", "optionA": "Simple correlation", "optionB": "Partial correlation", "optionC": "Multiple correlation", "optionD": "Linear correlation", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "For example, studying the effect of rain and fertilizer on crop yield." }, { "id": "q_706", "question": "A 'Partial Correlation' involves studying two variables while keeping other related variables ___?", "optionA": "Changing", "optionB": "Constant", "optionC": "Zero", "optionD": "Hidden", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It isolates the relationship between two specific factors." }, { "id": "q_707", "question": "Does correlation necessarily imply 'Causation' (Cause and effect)?", "optionA": "Yes, always", "optionB": "No, not necessarily", "optionC": "Only in India", "optionD": "Only for math", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Two variables may be correlated by pure chance (Spurious correlation)." }, { "id": "q_708", "question": "The correlation between the size of shoes and intelligence level is an example of?", "optionA": "Positive correlation", "optionB": "Spurious (Nonsense) correlation", "optionC": "High correlation", "optionD": "Linear correlation", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "There is no logical causal link between these two variables." }, { "id": "q_709", "question": "Which is the simplest visual tool to check the existence of correlation?", "optionA": "Histogram", "optionB": "Pie chart", "optionC": "Scatter Diagram method", "optionD": "Index Number", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "It involves plotting paired values (x, y) as dots on a graph." }, { "id": "q_710", "question": "In a Scatter Diagram, if all dots lie on a straight line rising from lower left to upper right, the correlation is?", "optionA": "Perfect Negative", "optionB": "Perfect Positive", "optionC": "Low Positive", "optionD": "No Correlation", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This represents r = +1." }, { "id": "q_711", "question": "If dots in a Scatter Diagram show a downward trend from top left to bottom right, it indicates?", "optionA": "Positive correlation", "optionB": "Negative correlation", "optionC": "Zero correlation", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This shows an inverse relationship between variables." }, { "id": "q_712", "question": "Who developed the mathematical 'Product Moment Method' for measuring correlation?", "optionA": "Adam Smith", "optionB": "Karl Pearson", "optionC": "Spearman", "optionD": "Marshall", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is the most widely used mathematical method for linear correlation." }, { "id": "q_713", "question": "The 'Spearman’s Rank Correlation' is best used for which type of data?", "optionA": "Quantitative", "optionB": "Qualitative (e.g., Beauty, Honesty)", "optionC": "Large numbers", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It measures correlation based on ranks or positions." }, { "id": "q_714", "question": "When the actual values of variables are not available but their ranks are known, we use?", "optionA": "Karl Pearson method", "optionB": "Spearman's method", "optionC": "Regression", "optionD": "Time series", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Rank correlation was introduced by Charles Spearman in 1904." }, { "id": "q_715", "question": "The square of the correlation coefficient (r²) is known as the?", "optionA": "Coefficient of Variation", "optionB": "Coefficient of Determination", "optionC": "Probable Error", "optionD": "Standard Error", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It shows the percentage of variation explained by the relationship." }, { "id": "q_716", "question": "'Probable Error' (P.E.) is used to test the ___ of the correlation coefficient?", "optionA": "Color", "optionB": "Significance", "optionC": "Speed", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "If 'r' is more than 6 times the P.E., the correlation is considered significant." }, { "id": "q_717", "question": "The formula for P.E. involves which constant?", "optionA": "0.5", "optionB": "0.6745", "optionC": "1.1", "optionD": "100", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "P.E. = 0.6745 * (1 - r²) \/ √n." }, { "id": "q_718", "question": "If r = 0, what does it mean in a Scatter Diagram?", "optionA": "Dots are in a line", "optionB": "Dots are widely scattered with no trend", "optionC": "Dots go down", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This indicates the absence of any correlation." }, { "id": "q_719", "question": "The word 'Regression' literally means?", "optionA": "Moving forward", "optionB": "Stepping back or returning to average", "optionC": "Multiplication", "optionD": "Adding data", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Sir Francis Galton first used this term in the 19th century." }, { "id": "q_720", "question": "Regression analysis is used to ___ the value of an unknown variable?", "optionA": "Hide", "optionB": "Predict or estimate", "optionC": "Delete", "optionD": "Average", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It helps find the value of one variable based on the known value of another." }, { "id": "q_721", "question": "In the regression equation y = a + bx, 'y' is the?", "optionA": "Independent variable", "optionB": "Dependent variable", "optionC": "Constant", "optionD": "Slope", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Its value is 'explained' by the independent variable 'x'." }, { "id": "q_722", "question": "In the same equation (y = a + bx), 'x' is known as the?", "optionA": "Dependent variable", "optionB": "Independent or Explanatory variable", "optionC": "Result", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is the 'cause' factor in the relationship." }, { "id": "q_723", "question": "How many regression lines are there in a bivariate distribution?", "optionA": "One", "optionB": "Two (Y on X and X on Y)", "optionC": "Three", "optionD": "Infinite", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "One predicts Y from X, the other predicts X from Y." }, { "id": "q_724", "question": "The correlation coefficient (r) is the ___ of the two regression coefficients (bxy and byx)?", "optionA": "Arithmetic Mean", "optionB": "Geometric Mean", "optionC": "Sum", "optionD": "Difference", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "r = √(bxy * byx)." }, { "id": "q_725", "question": "Index numbers are known as the '___ of the economy'?", "optionA": "Heart", "optionB": "Barometer", "optionC": "Brain", "optionD": "Feet", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "They measure relative changes in variables like prices or production over time." }, { "id": "q_726", "question": "Which year is used as a reference point for comparison in an index number?", "optionA": "Current Year", "optionB": "Base Year", "optionC": "Next Year", "optionD": "Leap Year", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The base year is assigned a value of 100." }, { "id": "q_727", "question": "The value of an index number for the base year is always taken as?", "optionA": "0", "optionB": "1", "optionC": "100", "optionD": "1000", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "This provides a standard base for calculating percentage changes." }, { "id": "q_728", "question": "Which index number measures changes in the general price level at the wholesale stage?", "optionA": "CPI", "optionB": "WPI (Wholesale Price Index)", "optionC": "Sensex", "optionD": "Nifty", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "WPI is used to track inflation in the bulk market." }, { "id": "q_729", "question": "Consumer Price Index (CPI) is also known as?", "optionA": "Growth index", "optionB": "Cost of Living Index", "optionC": "Poverty index", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It measures the change in retail prices paid by consumers." }, { "id": "q_730", "question": "What is the first step in the construction of an index number?", "optionA": "Collection of data", "optionB": "Defining the purpose of the index", "optionC": "Selection of base year", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "You must know what you are measuring before starting." }, { "id": "q_731", "question": "A 'Base Year' should ideally be a ___ year?", "optionA": "War year", "optionB": "Normal year (no extreme events)", "optionC": "Famine year", "optionD": "Future year", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It should not have abnormal economic fluctuations." }, { "id": "q_732", "question": "Why is a system of 'Weighting' used in index numbers?", "optionA": "To make it look better", "optionB": "Because all commodities are not of equal importance", "optionC": "To increase the total", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Items like food are given more weight than items like entertainment." }, { "id": "q_733", "question": "The CPI for industrial workers is prepared and published by which agency?", "optionA": "RBI", "optionB": "Labour Bureau, GOI", "optionC": "Niti Aayog", "optionD": "SEBI", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is used to determine dearness allowances (DA) for employees." }, { "id": "q_734", "question": "WPI helps in identifying ___ in the economy?", "optionA": "Rainfall", "optionB": "Trends and tendencies of prices", "optionC": "Number of schools", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It acts as an economic barometer for inflation." }, { "id": "q_735", "question": "A set of statistical observations arranged in chronological order is a?", "optionA": "Frequency distribution", "optionB": "Time Series", "optionC": "Scatter diagram", "optionD": "Regression", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It shows how a variable changes over hours, days, months, or years." }, { "id": "q_736", "question": "Which of the following is a component of a Time Series?", "optionA": "Secular Trend", "optionB": "Seasonal Variation", "optionC": "Cyclical and Irregular variations", "optionD": "All of the above", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "These four forces combine to create the observed data pattern." }, { "id": "q_737", "question": "'Secular Trend' refers to the ___ tendency of data?", "optionA": "Short-term", "optionB": "Long-term (growth or decline)", "optionC": "Weekly", "optionD": "Random", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "For example, the steady rise in India's population over decades." }, { "id": "q_738", "question": "Which component is responsible for the rise in demand for cold drinks during summer?", "optionA": "Trend", "optionB": "Seasonal Variation", "optionC": "Cyclical", "optionD": "Irregular", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "These are periodic patterns that repeat within one year." }, { "id": "q_739", "question": "Variations that repeat after a period of more than one year (e.g., 3-10 years) are?", "optionA": "Seasonal", "optionB": "Cyclical Variations", "optionC": "Irregular", "optionD": "Secular", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "These are associated with business cycles (Boom and Recession)." }, { "id": "q_740", "question": "Business cycles consist of phases like Prosperity, Recession, Depression, and ___?", "optionA": "Growth", "optionB": "Recovery", "optionC": "Inflation", "optionD": "Stagnation", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The cycle follows a definite order of movement." }, { "id": "q_741", "question": "'Irregular Variations' are caused by?", "optionA": "Festivals", "optionB": "Seasons", "optionC": "Natural calamities, wars, or strikes", "optionD": "Planned policy", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "These are erratic and unpredictable random movements." }, { "id": "q_742", "question": "A record of the annual production of rice in Odisha for 10 years is an example of?", "optionA": "Regression", "optionB": "Time Series", "optionC": "Census", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It tracks one variable over a continuous sequence of time." }, { "id": "q_743", "question": "When two variables change in the same direction, such correlation is called?", "optionA": "Negative", "optionB": "Positive", "optionC": "Zero", "optionD": "Multiple", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "They are directly related." }, { "id": "q_744", "question": "How many variables are there in a 'Bivariate' frequency distribution?", "optionA": "One", "optionB": "Two", "optionC": "Three", "optionD": "Four", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "'Bi' stands for two variables (X and Y)." }, { "id": "q_745", "question": "Correlation between price and demand is generally?", "optionA": "Positive", "optionB": "Negative", "optionC": "One to one", "optionD": "No relationship", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "As price goes up, demand goes down." }, { "id": "q_746", "question": "If dots on a scatter diagram fall on a straight line, correlation is?", "optionA": "Partial", "optionB": "Perfect", "optionC": "Zero", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It can be perfect positive (+1) or perfect negative (-1)." }, { "id": "q_747", "question": "A diagrammatic presentation of paired values of a bivariate distribution is a?", "optionA": "Histogram", "optionB": "Scatter diagram", "optionC": "Pie chart", "optionD": "Ogive", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is the visual representation of correlation." }, { "id": "q_748", "question": "Which method measures the degree of relationship between two variables?", "optionA": "Mean", "optionB": "Range", "optionC": "Correlation", "optionD": "Tabulation", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "(Summary question from page 495)." }, { "id": "q_749", "question": "The Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation is also known as?", "optionA": "Rank Correlation", "optionB": "Product Moment Correlation", "optionC": "Linear Deviation", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is the most mathematically rigorous method for measuring linear association." }, { "id": "q_750", "question": "If the sum of the products of deviations (Σxy) is zero, the correlation coefficient will be?", "optionA": "1", "optionB": "-1", "optionC": "Zero", "optionD": "Infinity", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Since 'r' is directly proportional to Σxy, a zero numerator makes the result zero." }, { "id": "q_751", "question": "Spearman's Rank Correlation coefficient is denoted by which symbol?", "optionA": "r", "optionB": "R or ρ (rho)", "optionC": "σ", "optionD": "b", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It uses the Greek letter rho to distinguish it from the Pearson coefficient." }, { "id": "q_752", "question": "What is the formula for Spearman's Rank Correlation?", "optionA": "1 - [6ΣD² \/ n(n²-1)]", "optionB": "Σx \/ n", "optionC": "√bxy.byx", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "It calculates the relationship based on the difference (D) between ranks." }, { "id": "q_753", "question": "Rank correlation is used when the data is in the form of?", "optionA": "Exact measurements", "optionB": "Preferences or Ranks", "optionC": "Constant values", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is ideal for qualitative data like ranking students in a competition." }, { "id": "q_754", "question": "Regression lines always intersect at the point of?", "optionA": "(0,0)", "optionB": "(X̄, Ȳ)", "optionC": "(1,1)", "optionD": "(Max, Min)", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "The intersection represents the mean values of both variables." }, { "id": "q_755", "question": "If the correlation is perfect (r = ±1), how many regression lines will exist?", "optionA": "Two distinct lines", "optionB": "Only one line (both coincide)", "optionC": "No lines", "optionD": "Infinite", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "When correlation is perfect, the two lines merge into one." }, { "id": "q_756", "question": "The slope of the regression line Y on X is represented by?", "optionA": "a", "optionB": "byx", "optionC": "bxy", "optionD": "r", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It indicates the change in Y for a unit change in X." }, { "id": "q_757", "question": "Regression analysis helps in 'Forecasting'. What does this mean?", "optionA": "Looking at the past", "optionB": "Estimating future values based on past trends", "optionC": "Deleting data", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is a primary tool for business and economic planning." }, { "id": "q_758", "question": "Which of the following is an explanatory variable?", "optionA": "Dependent variable", "optionB": "Independent variable", "optionC": "Median", "optionD": "Mode", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is the variable used to 'explain' or predict the other." }, { "id": "q_759", "question": "Which index number is called the 'Ideal Index'?", "optionA": "Laspeyres", "optionB": "Paasche", "optionC": "Fisher's Ideal Index", "optionD": "Marshall", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "It is the geometric mean of Laspeyres and Paasche indices." }, { "id": "q_760", "question": "Fisher's Ideal Index satisfies which consistency test?", "optionA": "Time Reversal Test", "optionB": "Factor Reversal Test", "optionC": "Both A and B", "optionD": "Neither", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "This is why it is considered mathematically superior to other indices." }, { "id": "q_761", "question": "What is the primary difference between Laspeyres and Paasche indices?", "optionA": "The base year", "optionB": "The current year", "optionC": "The weightage used (Base year vs Current year quantity)", "optionD": "The price", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Laspeyres uses base year quantities (q0) as weights, while Paasche uses current year (q1)." }, { "id": "q_762", "question": "Which index is better for comparing the change in 'Purchasing Power' of money?", "optionA": "Quantity Index", "optionB": "Price Index", "optionC": "Value Index", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "As prices rise, the purchasing power of the currency falls." }, { "id": "q_763", "question": "If the Price Index of 2016 is 150 with 2010 as base (100), it means prices have risen by?", "optionA": "150%", "optionB": "50 per cent", "optionC": "10%", "optionD": "5%", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Index (150) - Base (100) = 50% increase." }, { "id": "q_764", "question": "'Family Budget Enquiry' is a step involved in the construction of?", "optionA": "WPI", "optionB": "Consumer Price Index (CPI)", "optionC": "Sensex", "optionD": "GDP", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It helps determine the consumption pattern and weightage for a specific class of people." }, { "id": "q_765", "question": "Real Wage is calculated by which formula?", "optionA": "(Money Wage \/ CPI) x 100", "optionB": "Money Wage + 100", "optionC": "CPI \/ Money Wage", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "It shows the actual goods and services a person can buy after accounting for inflation." }, { "id": "q_766", "question": "Who benefits from a rise in the Consumer Price Index (CPI)?", "optionA": "Fixed income earners", "optionB": "Debtors (Borrowers)", "optionC": "Creditors (Lenders)", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Debtors benefit as they repay in money that has less purchasing power." }, { "id": "q_767", "question": "Which of the following is NOT included in the typical basket of CPI?", "optionA": "Food", "optionB": "House Rent", "optionC": "Fuel and Lighting", "optionD": "Heavy Machinery", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "CPI focuses on goods consumed by individuals\/households." }, { "id": "q_768", "question": "The 'Dearness Allowance' (DA) for government employees is linked to?", "optionA": "WPI", "optionB": "CPI (Consumer Price Index)", "optionC": "Gold prices", "optionD": "Stock market", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is adjusted to protect employees from the rising cost of living." }, { "id": "q_769", "question": "In the 'Additive Model' of Time Series, the components are?", "optionA": "Multiplied", "optionB": "Added (Y = T + S + C + I)", "optionC": "Divided", "optionD": "Subtracted", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It assumes that the components act independently." }, { "id": "q_770", "question": "In the 'Multiplicative Model' of Time Series, the components are?", "optionA": "T + S + C + I", "optionB": "T x S x C x I", "optionC": "T \/ S", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "This model is more common when the variation changes proportionally with the trend." }, { "id": "q_771", "question": "The 'Secular Trend' can be represented graphically by a?", "optionA": "Circle", "optionB": "Straight line or a smooth curve", "optionC": "Histogram", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It shows the general movement over a long period." }, { "id": "q_772", "question": "A 'Business Cycle' consists of phases like Prosperity, Recession, Depression, and Recovery. This is which variation?", "optionA": "Seasonal", "optionB": "Cyclical Variation", "optionC": "Trend", "optionD": "Irregular", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "These are rhythmic movements occurring over periods longer than a year." }, { "id": "q_773", "question": "The strike in a factory or a sudden flood represents which time series component?", "optionA": "Trend", "optionB": "Seasonal", "optionC": "Random or Irregular Variation", "optionD": "Cyclical", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "These are non-periodic and non-predictable." }, { "id": "q_774", "question": "Regression analysis studies the ___?", "optionA": "Association", "optionB": "Cause and effect relationship between variables", "optionC": "Total sum", "optionD": "Average only", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Unlike correlation, regression seeks to identify how one variable causes change in another." }, { "id": "q_775", "question": "In the equation y = a + bx, 'x' is the?", "optionA": "Dependent variable", "optionB": "Independent variable", "optionC": "Constant", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "X is the predictor." }, { "id": "q_776", "question": "The relationship between regression coefficients and correlation coefficient is?", "optionA": "r = √(bxy * byx)", "optionB": "r = bxy + byx", "optionC": "r = bxy \/ byx", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "The correlation coefficient is the geometric mean of the two regression coefficients." }, { "id": "q_777", "question": "Regression models predict a value of the 'Y' variable given a known value of 'X'. This is called?", "optionA": "Interpolation", "optionB": "Extrapolation", "optionC": "Both, depending on the range", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "If within the data range, it's interpolation; outside, it's extrapolation." }, { "id": "q_778", "question": "An index number is a statistical measure designed to show changes in a variable with respect to?", "optionA": "Time", "optionB": "Geography", "optionC": "Income\/Profession", "optionD": "All of the above", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "It is a composite relative measure." }, { "id": "q_779", "question": "A 'Base Year' should NOT be a year of?", "optionA": "War", "optionB": "Famine or Strike", "optionC": "Economic Depression", "optionD": "All of the above", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "It must be a 'normal' year for the comparison to be valid." }, { "id": "q_780", "question": "Which index represents the price of a representative basket of goods at the wholesale stage?", "optionA": "CPI", "optionB": "WPI", "optionC": "Quantity Index", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "WPI is the key measure for producer-level inflation." }, { "id": "q_781", "question": "Steps in constructing an index number include?", "optionA": "Selection of base year", "optionB": "Selection of commodities", "optionC": "Collection of data", "optionD": "All of the above", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "It is a systematic process requiring careful selection." }, { "id": "q_782", "question": "Which index uses 100 times the ratio of the current price to the base price?", "optionA": "Simple Price Index", "optionB": "Geometric Mean", "optionC": "Standard Deviation", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "(P1 \/ P0) * 100." }, { "id": "q_783", "question": "Sales of a business house usually relate to which component of time series?", "optionA": "Only Trend", "optionB": "A combination of Trend and Seasonal", "optionC": "Only Irregular", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Sales usually grow over years (trend) but peak during specific months (seasonal)." }, { "id": "q_784", "question": "The celebration of 'Rath Yatra' or 'Puja' is associated with which component?", "optionA": "Trend", "optionB": "Seasonal variation", "optionC": "Cyclical", "optionD": "Random", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "These are periodic events that happen every year at the same time." }, { "id": "q_785", "question": "Which of the following is NOT a time series?", "optionA": "Annual rice production in Odisha", "optionB": "Record of malaria deaths in 10 years", "optionC": "A list of names of districts", "optionD": "Weekly readers of a library", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "A list of names is qualitative\/static data, not a chronological sequence of a variable." }, { "id": "q_786", "question": "Data collected on an 'annual basis' is free from which variation?", "optionA": "Trend", "optionB": "Cyclical", "optionC": "Irregular", "optionD": "Seasonal fluctuation", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "Since seasonal changes happen WITHIN a year, an annual total hides them." }, { "id": "q_787", "question": "A time series has how many main components?", "optionA": "Two", "optionB": "Three", "optionC": "Four", "optionD": "Five", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Trend (T), Seasonal (S), Cyclical (C), and Irregular (I)." }, { "id": "q_788", "question": "Which component makes a time series oscillatory but with a non-fixed period?", "optionA": "Trend", "optionB": "Cyclical component", "optionC": "Seasonal", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "Cycles vary in length, unlike seasons which are fixed to the calendar." }, { "id": "q_789", "question": "Correlation analysis serves as the basis for?", "optionA": "Collection of data", "optionB": "Regression analysis", "optionC": "Printing books", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "We must know if variables are related before we try to predict one from another." }, { "id": "q_790", "question": "A Scatter Diagram is the ___ tool of studying correlation?", "optionA": "Most difficult", "optionB": "Simplest", "optionC": "Most expensive", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It gives a rough visual idea of the relationship." }, { "id": "q_791", "question": "When the dots on a scatter diagram show an upward trend from left to right, it represents?", "optionA": "Negative correlation", "optionB": "Positive correlation", "optionC": "No correlation", "optionD": "Perfect negative", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "As X increases, Y also increases." }, { "id": "q_792", "question": "Causation implies correlation, but ___?", "optionA": "Correlation does not necessarily imply causation", "optionB": "It is the same thing", "optionC": "It is always true", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "Just because two things change together doesn't mean one causes the other." }, { "id": "q_793", "question": "The word 'Regression' was first used in the 19th century by?", "optionA": "Sir Francis Galton", "optionB": "Karl Pearson", "optionC": "Adam Smith", "optionD": "Niti Aayog", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "He used it to describe biological inheritance patterns." }, { "id": "q_794", "question": "Wholesale Price Index (WPI) is used as an 'Economic Barometer' to find?", "optionA": "Rainfall", "optionB": "The ups and downs in general economic conditions", "optionC": "Only gold prices", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It tracks the broad inflationary health of the country." }, { "id": "q_795", "question": "Construction of a Consumer Price Index involves?", "optionA": "Selecting a class of people", "optionB": "Conducting family budget enquiry", "optionC": "Collecting retail prices", "optionD": "All of the above", "correctOption": "D", "explanation": "It is a specific index for a specific group (e.g., agricultural laborers)." }, { "id": "q_796", "question": "Index numbers are expressed as?", "optionA": "Absolute units (kg)", "optionB": "Percentages (Ratios)", "optionC": "Names", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "They are relative measures expressed in terms of 100." }, { "id": "q_797", "question": "The 'Multiplicative model' is expressed as?", "optionA": "T + S + C + I", "optionB": "T x S x C x I", "optionC": "T - S - C - I", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It is the standard model used in modern economic analysis." }, { "id": "q_798", "question": "'Irregular variations' are also called?", "optionA": "Erratic, random, or accidental variations", "optionB": "Trends", "optionC": "Cycles", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "They are caused by one-off events." }, { "id": "q_799", "question": "An 'Ideal Average' should be representative of?", "optionA": "Only the first item", "optionB": "All the items in the series", "optionC": "Only the last item", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "B", "explanation": "It must reflect the entire dataset." }, { "id": "q_800", "question": "The last step in a statistical enquiry is?", "optionA": "Data Collection", "optionB": "Tabulation", "optionC": "Interpretation of Data", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "This is where the researcher draws the final conclusions." }, { "id": "q_801", "question": "Does the standard of living of people improve if per capita income rises?", "optionA": "Yes", "optionB": "No", "optionC": "Only if prices remain stable", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "C", "explanation": "Real income (adjusted for inflation) is the true measure of living standards." }, { "id": "q_802", "question": "Statistics is the science which deals with the collection, classification, and ___?", "optionA": "Tabulation of numerical facts", "optionB": "Writing stories", "optionC": "Painting", "optionD": "None", "correctOption": "A", "explanation": "This is the definition in the singular sense." } ] }